Introduction to Bioinformatics Slides

Introduction to Bioinformatics Slides

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  A brief Introductionto Bioinformatics Y. SINGH NELSON R. MANDELA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF TELEHEALTH SINGHY@UKZN.AC.ZA Content licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
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  Learning Objectives  Whatis Bioinformatics  Why is it important  Examples of Bioinformatics application  What is Sequencing  Uses of Sequencing
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  Building Blocks ofDNA  Bases are the building blocks of DNA  DNA uses four different bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine & Thymine  Connected by 2’-deoxy-ribose- phosphate backbone
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  DNA  Please watchVideo One
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  Information in DNAis Transferred to RNA & into Proteins  DNA (ACGT on deoxyribose backbone)   RNA (ACGU on ribose backbone)   Proteins (amino acids on peptide backbone)
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  Information in RNAEncodes Proteins  Triplets of RNA nucleotides encode 20 amino acids  8 essential amino acids
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  DNA Mutates Mutations inDNA (changes in bases) can  changes in amino acids can  changes in proteins Mutations can be: Inherited: sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, susceptibility to some cancers (BRCA: breast cancer) Acquired: some birth defects, leukemia, HIV resistance
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  Definition  Bioinformatics :  applied mathematics,  informatics,  statistics,  computer science,  artificial intelligence,  chemistry, biochemistry etc  to solve biological problems usually on the molecular level
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  What can Bioinformaticsdo  sequence alignment,  gene finding,  genome assembly,  protein structure alignment,  protein structure prediction,  predict products of gene expression  protein-protein interactions,  the modeling of evolution.
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  What can Bioinformaticsdo  sequence alignment,  gene finding,  genome assembly,  protein structure alignment,  protein structure prediction,  predict products of gene expression  protein-protein interactions,  the modeling of evolution.
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  Sequence Alignment  Comparegenes within a species  Search genes  BLAST
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  Demonstration: Video Two BIOAFICA: http://www.bioafrica.net/rega-genotype/html/subtypinghiv.ht STANFORDHIV-DB: http://hivdb.stanford.edu/
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  FINDING SIMILARITIES HTTP://WWW.EBI.AC.UK/TOOLS/CLUSTALW2/INDEX.HT HTTP://WWW.NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV/SITES/EN TREZ?DB=PROTEIN&CMD=SEARCH
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  Implications for clinical informatics  Sequence information in medical records  New diagnostic and prognostic information sources  Ethical considerations
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