Introduction-to-Computer-Architecture.pptx

Introduction-to-Computer-Architecture.pptx

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  Presented by: Manoranjith.D 73152313069 CSE-B(II-nd Year) (Autonomous) Tiruchengode-637215 Departmentof Computer Science And Engineering K.S.R.COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING RISC and CISC Computer Organization and Architecture
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  Introduction to ComputerArchitecture The Foundation Computer architecture defines the fundamental structure and organization of a computer system, including its components, how they interact, and how they execute instructions. CPU at the Heart The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of a computer, responsible for interpreting and executing instructions. Its design heavily influences system performance.
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  Defining RISC andCISC Architectures RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) Employs a small set of simple instructions, optimized for fast execution and efficient pipelining. CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing) Utilizes a large set of complex instructions, aiming for code brevity and flexibility, but potentially slowing down execution.
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  Key Features ofRISC Processors 1 1. Simple Instructions RISC processors use a small set of instructions, each optimized for efficient execution. 2 2. Fixed-Length Instructions Instructions are of the same length, allowing for easy decoding and faster processing. 3 3. Pipelined Execution RISC architectures enable pipelining, where instructions are executed in parallel, boosting performance.
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  Key Features ofCISC Processors Variable-Length Instructions Instructions can be of varying lengths, enabling complex operations but potentially slowing down decoding. Large Instruction Set CISC processors support a wide range of instructions, offering flexibility but increasing complexity and memory requirements. Addressing Modes CISC architectures offer a variety of addressing modes, providing flexibility in accessing data but increasing instruction complexity.
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  Advantages and Disadvantagesof RISC Advantages Faster execution, lower power consumption, simpler design, efficient pipelining, cost-effective for mobile devices. Disadvantages More instructions needed for complex tasks, less code density (larger program sizes), potentially less flexible than CISC.
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  Advantages and Disadvantages ofCISC Code Brevity Complex instructions can reduce code size, potentially saving memory and reducing development time. Flexibility The wide range of instructions offers greater flexibility for addressing complex tasks and different programming paradigms. Legacy Compatibility CISC architectures have been widely used, ensuring compatibility with existing software and systems.
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  Comparison of RISCand CISC Performance 10 Performance RISC processors generally achieve higher speeds due to their optimized instruction set and efficient pipelining. 2 Power RISC processors are often more energy-efficient, making them ideal for mobile devices and embedded systems. 3 Cost RISC architectures tend to be more cost-effective for manufacturing, making them suitable for a wider range of applications.
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  Applications and UseCases 1 Mobile Devices RISC processors power smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices, prioritizing performance and efficiency. 2 Servers and Data Centers RISC architectures are used in high-performance servers and data centers, where speed and scalability are crucial. 3 Embedded Systems RISC processors are found in embedded systems like automobiles, appliances, and industrial machinery, where power efficiency is paramount.