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microbit Microbit programming Microbit programming
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- 3. FEATURES • The micro:bitboard, an ARM-based development board • It is a very easy to use and includes a lot of peripherals • No need for soldering or use of external hardware to get started with • The processor is an nRF51 • It has 16 KB of RAM and 256 KB of FLASH
- 4. FEATURES • The micro:bithas 19 GPIOs available as assignable. Up to 3 can be assigned as PWM pins and 6 as analog inputs. The ADC of the processor has a resolution of 10 bits • The GPIOs also have support for I2C, SPI and Serial communication interfaces • The board has a Freescale MKL26Z128VFM4 microcontroller, which is responsible for handling the USB connection between the micro:bit board and a computer, and also for the flashing of new code. • The micro:bit board is detected as a USB disk when connected to our computer
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- 6. FEATURES • The micro:bitboard has several peripherals on board (I2C) • It has a Freescale MMA8653FC, a 3-axis accelerometer with a resolution of 10 bits. • It also has an on board Freescale MAG3110 magnetometer, which allows to get magnetic field strength measurements (I2C) • The nRF51 processor has an integrated temperature sensor with a resolution of, 0.25°C and an accuracy of +-4°C. • The board has 2 two buttons for user input. There is an additional button that allows to reset the system. • The micro:bit board also has a 5×5 LED matrix for display purposes • The micro:bit board has a 2.4 GHz transceiver, which allows it to support Bluetooth low energy to establish communication with other devices • Besides Bluetooth, the radio of the board also allows the use of the Nordic Gazell protocol, which is a proprietary protocol that allows communication between devices that support it. This protocol operates on the 2.4 GHz, like Bluetooth.
- 7. PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENTS • Themicro:bit has many development environments available, some of them designed to make it easy for beginners to get started, as Microsoft’s MakeCode • This editor offers the possibility of simulating the code execution very easily. A model of the micro:bit board is located at the left side of the code editing window and by the click of a button testing starts • In terms of higher level languages, the micro:bit can be programmed in Java, Python or C
- 8. MakeCode • https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1587.html • https://makecode.microbit.org/ •https://makecode.microbit.org/offline • https://makecode.microbit.org/projects/
- 10. The micro:bit -a reactive system • There are different types of computing systems, to address different kinds of problems that arise in practice: transaction processing systems are used by banks to handle huge numbers of financial transactions by their customers; distributed systems make a set of networked computers appear as one big computer (like Google’s search engine); there are also parallel systems, such as graphic cards, which perform a huge number of primitive operations simultaneously, using a great number of small processing cores. • The micro:bit is a reactive system – it reacts continuously to external events, such as a person pressing the A button of the micro:bit or shaking the device. The reaction to an event may be to perform a computation, update variables, and change the display. After the device reacts to an event, it is ready to react to the next one. If this sounds like a computer game, that’s because most computer games are reactive systems too!
- 11. The micro:bit -a reactive system • A responsive system is able to do several things at the same time. As the micro:bit only has one CPU it can only execute one program instruction at a time. • The micro:bit can execute millions of instructions per second, so it is possible for the device to alternate among instruction sequences of different programs. • Let’s think about three sequences of instructions: • Sequence S1: contains the instructions (let’s say several hundred thousand or so) that scroll the number 42 across the LED screen. • Sequence S2: contains a few instructions to check if button A is pressed. • Sequence S3: contains a few instructions to increment a counter. • The micro:bit interrupts the execution of sequence S1 periodically to execute the sequence S2, which will check if button A is pressed, which looks like:
- 12. The micro:bit -a reactive system • The result is that it takes sequence S1 a little longer to complete, due to the interruptions to execute sequence S2, but we are checking often enough to detect a press of button A . When S2 detects a press of button A, then the sequence S3 can be executed before S1 resumes:
- 25. EXAMPLES • Go tohttps://makecode.microbit.org/projects/ • Program examples • Flashing Heart • Name Tag • Rock Paper Scissors • Mood Radio • Fireflies • Go to https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1587.html • Program Microbit Project 13:
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- 28. MAQUEEN • Supply Voltage:3.5V-5V DC ( Three AAA batteries or 3.6V~3.7V lithium battery ) • Infrared Grayscale Sensor(High-low level) x 2 • Buzzer x 1 • Infrared Receiver (NEC decoder) x 1 • LED Lights (High-low level control) x 2 • RGB Ambient Light (16 million colors) x 4 • SR04, SR04P Ultrasonic Interface(5V) x 1 • IIC Interface (3.3V) x 1
- 29. MAQUEEN • Gravity ExtensionInterfaces (P1, P2) x 2 • N20 All-metal Gear Motor x 2 • Motor Reduction Ratio: 1:150 • Maximum Rotate Speed: 133 rpm • Motor Drive Mode: PWM motor drive • Bracket and Protective Cover Extension M3 Screw Hole x 6 • Programming Method: Makecode graphical programming, Mind graphical programming (based on Scratch 3.0) • Dimension: 81mm x 85 mm x 44mm/3.19 x 3.35 x 1.73in • Weight: 75.55g
- 30. MAQUEEN • Go to https://wiki.dfrobot.com/micro:Maqueen_for_micro:bit_SKU:ROB01 48-E(ROB0148) •Import the Makecode Graphical Library
- 31. CONTINUATION ACTIVITIES • Downloadthe “Terminal” at https://sites.google.com/site/terminalbpp/ • Practice the “Serial” commands • Use the online help or visit https://makecode.microbit.org/reference/serial • Practice the “Text” commands • Use the online help or visit https://makecode.microbit.org/reference/text • For the sensors “Temperature,” “Acceleration,” and “Compass,” write programs that send the read values to the computer. Try to make the sensor values change; consider using “pause.” • For the Acceleration, what is the meaning of the negative values? • For the Compass, is there any difference in the readings when the micro:bit is horizontal, compared to when it is vertical?
- 32. CONTINUATION ACTIVITIES • Thisprogram requires the text terminated with CR+LF. On terminal v1.93 you do this as indicated in the figures below. Check both boxes.
- 33. CONTINUATION ACTIVITIES • Forthe Maqueen • Write a program that measure distance and send to the screen • Study the object avoidance example • Study the line-following example, write your own version.
- 34. CONTINUATION ACTIVITIES • Thisprogram reads the distance from the ultrasonic sensor and sends the value to the UART
- 35. SENDING TEXT OVERBLUETOOTH
- 36. SENDING TEXT OVERBLUETOOTH • This functions receives “text”, a text argument • If the length of text exceeds the Bluetooth capacity, an “X” is shown, and the program gets locked • Else “text” is sent over Bluetooth
- 37. SENDING TEXT OVERBLUETOOTH • This function rounds a number to two decimal places • The result is stored in “roundResult” as text, there is not any function to round decimal paces in MakeCode.
- 38. SENDING TEXT OVERBLUETOOTH • This program calculates the square root of a sequence of numbers • “on start” initializes Bluetooth and the first number to obtain the square root • Show index is used to provide feedback to the user