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New and Emerging Forms of Data
The document discusses new and emerging forms of data, emphasizing the impact of big data and high-performance computing on society. It explores various types of data sources, including social media, tracking data, and satellite imagery, and highlights the importance of real-time analytics and social machines. The text also addresses the challenges and opportunities presented by the Internet of Things and the need for quality assurance in research amidst increasing automation and data complexity.
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New and Emerging Forms of Data
- 1. David De Roure @dder New and Emerging Forms of Data: Past, Present, and Future OXFORD E-RESEARCH CENTRE
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- 4. More people Moremachines Big Data HighPerformance Computing Conventional computing Web 2 Social Media e-infrastructure online R&D New and Emerging Forms of Data deeply about society
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- 6. https://twitter.com/CR_UK/status/446223117841494016/ Some people's smartphones hadautocorrected the word "BEAT" to instead read "BEAR". "Thank you for choosing an adorable polar bear," the reply from the WWF said. "We will call you today to set up your adoption." http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-26723457
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- 9. Social Media Triangle socialmedia data and analytics social media for engagement with research social media as a subject of research Sam McGregor
- 10. New Forms ofData ▶ Internet data, derived from social media and other online interactions (including data gathered by connected people and devices, eg mobile devices, wearable technology, Internet of Things) ▶ Tracking data, monitoring the movement of people and objects (including GPS/geolocation data, traffic and other transport sensor data, CCTV images etc) ▶ Satellite and aerial imagery (eg Google Earth, Landsat, infrared, radar mapping etc) http://www.oecd.org/sti/sci-tech/new-data-for- understanding-the-human-condition.htm
- 11. What do wemean by real-time analytics? ▶ Live data streams vs live data analysis ▶ Different kinds of data, at a different pace ▶ Time-critical integration and analysis ▶ Influencing processes as they unfold, at speed & at scale ▶ New methodological apparatus ▶ New computational methods and infrastructure ▶ Not just social media – but social media is a rehearsal
- 12. New and emergingCDTs
- 14. Real life isand must be full of all kinds of social constraint – the very processes from which society arises. Computers can help if we use them to create abstract social machines on the Web: processes in which the people do the creative work and the machine does the administration... The stage is set for an evolutionary growth of new social engines. The ability to create new forms of social process would be given to the world at large, and development would be rapid. Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web, 1999 (pp. 172–175) Social Machines
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- 16. Observer of one social machine Observersusing third party observatory Observer of multiple social machines Human participants in Social Machine Human participants in multiple Social Machines Observer of Social Machine infrastructure 1 4 2 3 5 6 SM SM SM Social Machine Observing Social Machines 7 @dder De Roure, D., Hooper, C., Page, K., Tarte, S., and Willcox, P. 2015. Observing Social Machines Part 2: How to Observe? ACM Web Science
- 17. STORYTELLING AS ASTETHOSCOPE FOR SOCIAL MACHINES 1. Sociality through storytelling potential and realization 2. Sustainability through reactivity and interactivity 3. Emergence through collaborative authorship and mixed authority Zooniverse is a highly storified Social Machine Facebook doesn’t allow for improvisa(on Wikipedia assigns authority rights rigidly Tarte, S. M., De Roure, D., and Willcox, P. Working out the plot: the role of stories in social machines. In Proceedings of the companion publication of the 23rd international conference on World wide web companion (2014), International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, pp. 909–914."
- 19. Seizing the tigerby the tail ▶ The Internet of Things describes a world in which everyday objects are connected to a network so that data can be shared ▶ But it is really as much about people as the inanimate object ▶ It is impossible to anticipate all the social changes that could be created by connecting billions of devices https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/internet-of-things-blackett-review
- 21. PETRAS Privacy, Ethics,Trust, Reliability, Acceptability, and Security for the Internet of Things • Use an integrated approach of collaborative social and physical science expertise • Remove barriers to the beneficial adoption of Internet of Things • Address generic knowledge gaps through case study approaches covering major sectors • Use innovative methodologies including ‘in the wild’ and citizen science Principles
- 22. PETRAS Privacy, Ethics,Trust, Reliability, Acceptability, and Security for the Internet of Things Key Facts about PETRAS • 9 world leading universities via the core and spoke model (4 from the Alan Turing Institute) • Combined hub value: £23m • Blackett Review expertise • 47 partners at submission combining presence in the UK, Central Europe and America (giving International links and perspective) • Inter– and multi-disciplinary focus
- 23. Normal Accidents Small events cascade through the system, with catastrophic consequences, when: • The system is complex • The system is (ghtly coupled • The system has catastrophic poten(al doi:10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/04509-5
- 24. More people Moremachines Big Data HighPerformance Computing Conventional computing Web 2 Social Media e-infrastructure online R&D New and Emerging Forms of Data deeply about society Thefuture increasing automation machine learning
- 25. Data Detect StoreAnalyticsFilter Analysts
- 26. Edwards, P. N.,et al. (2013) Knowledge Infrastructures: Intellectual Frameworks and Research Challenges. Ann Arbor: Deep Blue. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/97552
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- 28. Jameson L. Toole,Yu-Ru Lin, Erich Muehlegger, Daniel Shoag, Marta C. González, David Lazer. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. Volume 12, issue 107. Published 27 May 2015.DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0185 Tracking employment shocks using mobile phone data
- 29. A computationally-enabled sense-making networkof expertise, data, software, models and narratives Big Data, in a Big Data Centre
- 30. The R Dimensions Research Objects facilitate research that is reproducible, repeatable, replicable, reusable, referenceable, retrievable, reviewable, replayable, re-interpretable, reprocessable, recomposable, reconstructable, repurposable, reliable, respecZul, reputable, revealable, recoverable, restorable, reparable, refreshable? @dder 14 April2014 sci method access understand new use social cura(on Research Object Principles
- 31. What are we trying to achieve? My reflection isthat the reason we seek “reproducible research” is principally to achieve two ends: 1. Confidence in results, because they inform policy, decision-making, and further research 2. Sharing and citation of methods, data, software, to make it easier to stand on each others shoulders not toes Let’s focus on (1)…
- 32. Research in the Wild (West) Imagine you area conference chair… or responsible for urban planning, or security. Confidence in results is getting harder: What interventions should we make to improve confidence and quality? What (socio-)technology can we adopt? Trusting the analysis that is occurring Automation of workflows, crowd-sourced data reduction, software vulnerabilities, increasing adoption of machine learning, and no critical human in the loop Knowing what the data is, where it has come from, and what we can do with it Multiple and partial data sources, at speed and scale, in an evolving ecosystem of data processing intermediaries, with complexity in permissions for data use
- 33. Provocation One ▶ Are therequestions which are answered using longitudinal studies data today that could be answered in other ways? ▶ There is massive (voluntary) supply of data about individuals on a huge scale ▶ The supply is set to increase with Internet of Things ▶ This data is “real time” (fitbit, smartphone, accelerometer methods…)
- 34. Provocation Two ▶ Sometimes wereally do need a longitudinal study in order to answer a question ▶ So can we do that longitudinal study in a new way? ▶ By: – Supplementing existing studies, using linkage – Using new techniques with easy reporting at scale – Working internationally, regionally—shining the torch
- 35. Provocation Three ▶ Are weplanning for how the world will be in 5 years? ▶ What have we learned from the rehearsal so far? ▶ Increasing automation, bots, robots ▶ Behaviour in the digital world (physical-digital world) ▶ Changing data ecosystem, e.g. personal data stores
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- 37. Closing reflec(ons 1. Not justnew forms of data, but new social processes and new research questions 2. What can we learn from the social media analytics rehearsal? 3. Are we ready? – for the data supply ahead – for inevitable automation 4. How do we ensure the quality of research?
- 38. david.deroure@oerc.ox.ac.uk @dder Thanks to PeterElias, Wendy Hall, Sam McGregor, Mark Sandler, Nigel Shadbolt, Jeremy Watson, also Grant Miller, Petar Radanliev, Ségolène Tarte, and Pip Willcox. http://www.slideshare.net/dder/new-and-emerging-forms-of-data
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