Programming Fundamentals lecture-24-1.pptx

Programming Fundamentals lecture-24-1.pptx

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  1 Programming Fundamentals LECTURE-24 GHULAM ABBAS abbas.sbcws@gmail.com
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  2 In the PreviousLecture  Structure  Defining the Structure  Structure initialization  Accessing Structure member  Copying and Comparing Structure Variables  Array of structure
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  3 Today’s Lecture  Structurewithin another Structure  Function and Structure
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  Structure within anotherStructure  Also known as nested structure  Let us consider a structure personal_record to store the information of a person as: struct personal_record { char name[20]; int day_of_birth; int month_of_birth; int year_of_birth; float salary; }person;
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  Nested structure  Inthe structure above, we can group all the items related to birthday together and declare them under a substructure as: struct Date { int day_of_birth; int month_of_birth; int year_of_birth; }; struct personal_record { char name[20]; Date birthday; //structure variable float salary; }person;
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  Nested structure  Here,the structure personal_record contains a member named birthday which itself is a structure with 3 members. This is called structure within structure.  The members contained within the inner structure can be accessed as: person.birthday.day_of_birth person.birthday.month_of_birth person.birthday. year_of_birth  The other members within the structure personal_record are accessed as usual: person.name person.salary
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  Example: Nested structure structDate { int day_of_birth; int month_of_birth; int year_of_birth; }; struct personal_record { char name[20]; struct Date birthday; //structure variable float salary; }; int main() { Date birthday={12,03,200}; personal_record person={"Ghulam ali",birthday ,20000}; cout<<person.birthday.day_of_birth<< endl; cout<<person.name; }
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  Example: Nested structure structdate { int day; int month; int year; }; struct name { char first_name[10]; char middle_name[10]; char last_name[10]; }; struct personal_record { float salary; date birthday,deathday; name full_name; };
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  Try yourself Create astructure named Date that has day, month and year as its members. Include this structure as a member in another structure named Employee which has name, id and salary as other members. Use this structure to read and display employee’s name, id, date of birthday and salary.
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  Function and Structure Passing the individual members to functions  Passing whole structure to functions  Passing array of structure to functions
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  Passing the individualmembers to functions Structure members can be passed to functions as actual arguments in function call like ordinary variables. Problem: Huge number of structure members Example: Let us consider a structure Employee having members name, id and salary and pass these members to a
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  Example: Passing theindividual members to functions Structure members can be passed to functions as actual arguments in function call like ordinary variables. Problem: Huge number of structure members Example: Let us consider a structure Employee having members name, id and salary and pass these members to a
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  int display(char [],int,double);f//unctiondeclaration struct Emplyee { char name[20]; int ID; double salary; }; int main() { Emplyee emp={"junaid Khan", 123, 20000}; display(emp.name,emp.ID,emp.salary);//function call } int display(char eName[],int id, double sal)//definition { cout<<eName<<"t"<<id<<"t"<<sal; }
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  Passing whole structureto functions  Whole structure can be passed to a function by the syntax: function_name(structure_variable_name);  The called function has the form: return_type function_name(struct tag_name structure_variable_name) { … … … … …; }
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  Example: Passing wholestructure to functions int display(struct Emplyee emp);//function declaration struct Emplyee { char name[20]; int ID; double salary; }; int main() { Emplyee emp={"junaid Khan", 123, 20000}; display(emp);//function call } int display(Emplyee emp)//definition { cout<<emp.name<<"t"<<emp.ID<<"t"<<emp.salary; }
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  Passing array ofstructure to functions  Passing an array of structure type to a function is similar to passing an array of any type to a function.  That is, the name of the array of structure is passed by the calling function which is the base address of the array of structure.  Note: The function prototype comes after the structure definition.
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  Example:Passing array ofstructure to functions struct Emplyee { char name[20]; int ID; double salary; }; int display(struct Emplyee emp[2]);//function declaration int main() { Emplyee emp[2]={{"junaid Khan", 123, 20000},"junaid Khan", 123, 20000}; display(emp);//function call } int display(Emplyee emp[])//definition int display(Emplyee emp[])//definition { int i=0; cout<<"n Namett IDtt Salaryn"; cout<<"________________________________________ n"; for(;i<2;i++) { cout<<emp[i].name<<"t "<<emp[i].ID<<"tt "<<emp[i].salary<<endl; } }
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  output