The document discusses the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architectural pattern used for developing user interfaces and how it separates application components to enhance code reuse. It explains the MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel) pattern, which allows for distinct development processes for user interfaces and business logic, especially in modern web applications using libraries like Angular and Vue.js. The integration of MVVM within MVC is highlighted, emphasizing the role of the ViewModel in transforming data between the front-end and back-end, thereby streamlining code management and enhancing user experience.