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8254 Timer

The 8254 timer has 3 independent 16-bit counters that can be programmed in 6 different modes for counting in binary or BCD. It has a read back command that allows checking the count value, programmed mode, current mode, and status. Each counter has inputs for a clock, gate, and output and is programmed via a control word to select the operating mode and count value. The 6 modes determine how the counter and output respond to the clock and gate signals.

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111 views12 pages

8254 Timer

The 8254 timer has 3 independent 16-bit counters that can be programmed in 6 different modes for counting in binary or BCD. It has a read back command that allows checking the count value, programmed mode, current mode, and status. Each counter has inputs for a clock, gate, and output and is programmed via a control word to select the operating mode and count value. The 6 modes determine how the counter and output respond to the clock and gate signals.

Uploaded by

PRIYANKA CHOUDHARI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8254 Timer

Features of 8254 Timer


It has 3 independent 16 bit down counters.
Counters can be programmed in 6 different modes.
Counting facility in both BCD and Binary number systems.
It has powerful command called READ BACK COMMAND which allows the
user to check the count value,programmed mode and current mode and
current status of the counter.
Operating frequency range is
For 8253:- upto 2.6 MHz
For 8254:- upto 10 MHz
8254 Functional Description

 Figure shows the pin-out of the 8254,


a higher-speed version of the 8253, and a diagram
of one of the three counters.
 Each timer contains:
 a CLK input which provides the basic operating frequency
to the timer
 a gate input pin which controls the timer in some modes
 an output (OUT) connection to obtain the output
of the timer
8254 Control word
8254 Programming

 Each counter may be programmed with a count of 1 to FFFFH.


 Minimum count is 1 all modes except 2 and 3 with minimum count of 2.
 Each counter has a program control word used to select the way the
counter operates.
 If two bytes are programmed, then the first byte (LSB) stops the count, and the
second byte (MSB) starts the counter with the new count.
 Mode 0: Interrupt on terminal count

- The output becomes a logic 0 when the control


word is written
- and remains there until N plus the number of
programmed counts
MODE 1:- HW triggered / programmable one shot.
The triggering must be done through the GATE input by sending a
0-to-1 pulse to it.

Steps: 1) Load the count register


2) A 0-to-1 pulse must be sent to the GATE
input to trigger the count.
3) In Mode 1, after sending the 0-to-1 pulse to GATE, OUT
becomes low and stays low for a duration of N*T, then
becomes high and stays high until the GATE is triggered
again.
4) If during the activation, a retriggered happened, then restart
the down counting.
Mode 2: Rate Generator (Divide-by-N
 counter
In Mode2, if GATE=1, OUT will be high for N*T, goes low only for
one clock pulse, then counter is reloaded automatically,
 The cycle is repeated until reprogrammed or G pin set to 0.
Mode 3: Square wave rate generator

 Mode 3: Generates a continuous square-wave with G set to 1.


 If count is even, 50% duty cycle otherwise OUT is high 1 cycle
longer
Mode 4: Software triggered strobe
 In Mode4, if GATE=1, the output will go high when loading the
count, it will stay high for duration N*T.
 After the count reaches zero, it becomes low for one clock pulse,
then goes high again and stays high until a new command word
or new count is loaded
 To repeat the strobe, the count must be reloaded
Mode 5: Hardware triggered strobe

 Similar to Mode4, except that the triggering must be


done with the GATE input
 The count starts only when a 0-to-1 pulse is sent to the
GATE input
 If GATE retriggered during the counting, it will restart
the down counting

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