MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

MODULE 3
TYPES OF MEDIA
1. Print Media

Print media is also known as the “press”, this type of media refers to materials that are written and are physically distributed. Perhaps
the most significant event in the history of printing is the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in (1440). This
eventually led to the mass production of books, which gave people an access to knowledge that they never dreamt of during those
times. Example of Print Media are: books, newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals, manuscripts, correspondence,
memoranda, loose leaf materials, notes, and brochures.

Books are the very first mass media in human history. Baran (2010) consider books as very personal because they contain records
of past experiences and human knowledge that are passed on to later generations. Books are movers and shakers of culture. As
a statement to this, books in physical form are being stored digitally as e-books.

Magazines and newspapers may be targeted for the general audience or may address the interests of a particular group of readers.
Magazines typically contain features or human-interest articles, whereas newspapers will have news stories and occasionally have
other types of articles. Both the magazine and the newspaper may also have online versions for them to reach a wider and larger
audience who are more often virtually connected through the Internet.

2. Broadcast Media (Broadcasting)

The main sources of the broadcast are television and radio. We can watch all types of events which are happening on earth. Usually,
people are interested to watch the news regarding spiritual, politics, sports and so on. Radio is also the source of broadcasting we
can hear all kinds of news on it and also enjoy the music on it through changing the channels.

Broadcast Media is considered “household” media because they be found in practically any corner of a home. According to Baran
(2010), radio was the first electronic mass medium and precursor of television. For a long time, radio was the “young people’s
media. “This first evident in the proliferation of FM radio stations catering to the musical taste of younger generations, also known
as format radio. In the Philippines, you customarily expect FM programming to be format radio, whereas AM programming is
dominated by a news format.

Broadcasting has also started to conquer the Internet and mobile technology through Internet-based radio and television
programmed.

3. Movies (Film/Cinema)
It is one of the oldest platforms of media and people went to the theaters to watch it but now people can watch it at home via satellite
and cable in HD resolution.

According to Wikipedia, a film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picture camera; by photographing drawings
or miniature models using traditional animation; or by a combination of some or all of these techniques and other visual effects. It
is a series of images, which when displayed on screen, create an illusion of moving images by the phi phenomenon.

Films are very important artifacts because, like books, they reflect the desires, ideologies, and sensibilities of the culture to which
they originate from.

4 Internet / New Media

The Internet is one of the newest sources of media. The majority of the users prefer the internet to watch news quickly. It is faster
and more capable in compared to any other source of media. Internet changes the world and connects the people also deliver the
users to keep in touch with the latest inventions and news.

The Internet also gives you a chance to express your ideas all over the globe.
The internet and social media provide young people with a range of benefits, and opportunities to empower themselves in a variety
of ways. Young people can maintain social connections and support networks that otherwise wouldn't be possible and can access
more information than ever before. The communities and social interactions young people form online can be invaluable for
bolstering and developing young people's self-confidence and social skills.
 5) Video Games

Video games continue to grow popular to both young and old because of their increased interactivity and interconnectivity. It is
only grown in youth with high dimensions and more graphics. Games are the form of electronic media devices. Now games are
also available on mobile phones and people are easily accessible to them.

What is Media Convergence?

Converge means to meeting at a point, it is synonymous to the words: join, unite, interest, merge, connect, coincide. Media
Convergence happens when different (two or more) media sources join together. It allows media texts to be produced and
distributed on multiple media devices.

Media convergence is the ability to transform different kinds of media into digital code, which is then accessible by a range of
devices. Media convergence usually occurs in various platforms such as:
1. Social Network
2. Learning Management System
3. Product Advertisement
4. News Agency
5. Multimedia Personality

Example of Media Convergence

Device / Media Type or Forms Converged Media
Smartphones o Camera o TV o Telephone o Web browser o Digital map o Radio, etc.
Computers o Camera o Music player o Video player o Web browser, etc.
Google o Google search, drive, mail, play store o YouTube, google wallet,
android, hangout o Google chrome, google plus Blogspot, google map
Book o E-books
o Print on demand (POD)
Newspaper o Online version
o Mobile application version
Magazine o Online and costume publishing o Movement from print to television
(or vice versa)
o Advertorial
Film o Concept movies
o Sequels, remakes, and franchise o Television, comic book, and video
game remakes
Radio o Digital radio o Internet-based radio and podcasting
o Radio on television (and vice versa)
Television o Video cassette recorders (VCR)
o Digital video disc (DVD)
o Digital vide recorder (DVR)
o Digital television or high-definition television
o Internet-based television
o Video on the internet
o Interactive television
o Phone-over-cable
o Mobile video
o Television recording
Video games o Online interactive gaming
o Internet-capable handheld game devices
o Advocacy gaming
Internet and the World Wide Web o Functionalities of the traditional media moving to the Web
platform
o Internet technology incorporated to mobile technology (e.g.
smartphones and tablets)
o Internet connected, Wi-Fi capable television monitor.
 Media convergence have a vital element of life for many people. With the development of technology in different platforms and
cooperation such as television, Internet and mobile communication, audiences have had both a bigger choice of media and a life
which media technologies has made easier.
CLASSIFICATION OF MEDIA

There are different ways to classify media.

1. Print media, non-print media, electronic media
Print media. They include books, journals, magazines, newspapers, workbook, textbooks
Non-print media: they include projected and non-projected media.
Electronic media: they include Audio media, Visual media and Audio-Visual

2. Projected media & non-projected media

Projected media: they require light source for projection.
E.g. film projector slides etc.
Non-projected media: they do not require light source.
They include 3 dimensional objects, 2dimensional objects, prints, charts, models etc.

3. Audio media, Visual media & Audio-visual

Audio media: this form of media carry sounds alone.
E.g. audio tapes, record player,
Visual media: These are the ones that can be seen.
E.g. TV, computer, white board
Audio-Visual: this term refers to those instructional materials which provide students with audio and visual experiences by
appearing to the hearing and seeing senses at the same time. E.g. TV, video tapes, closed circuit television (CCTV).

4. Hardware and software

Hardware: this the classification of machines or equipment used in the instructional process. It is upon these gadgets that
the software is transmitted. E.g. Television set, tape recorder etc.
Software: this classification consists of all materials used with the machine. They are the real carrier of knowledge or
information. They include, films, tapes transparencies.

Educational Media Classification