1
jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopy;El;gk;
Information Communication Technology
kPl;ly; - 2021
Mrpupau; - jpU.m.kJ\d; juk;-10 K/ky;yhtp kj;jpa fy;Y}up
gzpnray;Kiwik (Operating System)
fzpdpKiwik
td;nghUs; nkd;nghUs; epiynghhUs;
Hardware Software firmware
nkd;nghUs; - software
fzpdpapy; Fwpj;j gzpfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf jahupf;fg;gl;l fzpdpr; nra;epuy;fs;
/mwpTWj;jy;fs; nkd;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.
nkd;nghUs;
Kiwik nkd;nghUs; gpuNahf nkd;nghUs;
(System software) (Application software)
1. gad;ghl;L/gadspg;G nkd;nghUs;
(utility software)
2. nkhop ngau;g;gpfs;
(Language Translators)
3. gzpnray; Kiwik
(Operating system)
Kiwik nkd;nghUs; - System Software
gadspg;G nkd;nghUs; (Utility Software)
fzpdpapd; guhkupg;gpw;fhfTk; ghJfhg;gpw;fhfTk; tbtikf;fg;gLfpd;w nkd;nghUl;fs;
gadspg;G nkd;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.
cjhuzk; :- 1. er;Repuy; vjpu;g;G nkd;nghUs; (Antivirus)
Avira
Avast
Eset
K7
2. Screen server
3. tl;L tbtikj;jy; (Disk formatting)
4. fhg;G nkd;nghUs; (Backup software)
5. tl;L Jz;lhf;fy; (Disk defragmentation)
K/ky;yhtp kj;jpa fy;Y}up m.kJ\d;
2
nkhopngau;g;gpfs; (Language Translators)
cau;kl;l fzpdp nkhopfis ,ae;jpu nkhopf;F (0>1) khw;Wtjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ
nkhopngau;g;gpfs; MFk;.
%d;W tifahd nkhopngau;g;gpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
1. njhFg;gp (Compiler)
2. tupnkhopkhw;wp / nghUs;Nfhlyp (Interpreter)
3. xUq;F Nru;g;gp (Assembler)
1.njhFg;gp (Compiler)
xNu Neuj;jpy; KOikahf nra;epuiy cau;kl;l
; fzpdp nkhopapypUe;J ,ae;jpu nkhopf;F
khw;WtJ njhFg;gp MFk;.
2.tupnkhopkhw;wp (Interpreter)
xt;Nthu; tup tupahf nra;epuiy cau;kl;l
; fzpdp nkhopapypUe;J ,ae;jpu nkhopf;F
khw;WtJ tupnkhopkhw;wp MFk;.
3.xUq;F Nru;g;gp (Assembler)
,uz;lhk; jiyKiw fzpdp nkhopahd xUq;FNru;g;G (Assembly) nkhopapid ,ae;jpu
nkhopf;F khw;wg; gad;gLtJ xUq;FNru;g;gp MFk;.
gzpnray; Kiwik (Operating System)
fzpdpiaAk; gadiuAk; njhlu;GgLj;Jfpd;w ,ilKfKk;> fzpdp td;nghUs; nkd;nghUis
Kfhik nra;fpd;wJkhd nkd;nghUs; gzpnray; Kiwik vdg;gLk;.
gpuNahf nkd;nghUs; (Application software)
Fwpg;gpl;l gpuNahfq;fSf;fhf / gzpfSf;fhf tbtikf;fg;gLfpd;w nkd;nghUl;fs; gpuNahf
nkd;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.
cjhuzk; - nrhy;Kiwtopg;gLj;jy; - Ms Word
fzpdp tpisahl;Lf;fs; - Car race
tiyNkNyhb - Google chrome
juTj;jsk; - Ms Access
tiutpay; tbtikg;G - Photoshop
nkd;nghUs;
K/ky;yhtp kj;jpa fy;Y}up m.kJ\d;
3
gy;NtWgl;l gzpnray; Kiwikfs;
1.Ms Dos
2.Windows XP
Microsoft
3.Windows7/8/10
4. Windows vista
5.Mac OS - Apple
6. Ubuntu - free and open source (,ytr jpwe;;j nkd;nghUs;)
7.Linux
8.Unix
gzpnray; Kiwikapd; tiffs;
1) jdpg; gadu; gzpnray; Kiwik (Single User OS)
2) gy; gadu; gzpnray; Kiwik (Multi User OS)
3) gy;nfhs;gzp gzpnray; Kiwik (Multitasking OS)
4) epfo;Neu gzpnray; Kiwik (Real time OS)
1) jdpg; gadu; gzpnray; Kiwik (Single User OS)
xU jlitapy; xU gadUf;F kl;Lk; Nritia toq;Fk; gzpr;nray; Kiwik jdpg; gadu;
gzpnray; Kiwik vdg;gLk;.
cjhuzk; - Ms Dos
2) gy; gadu; gzpnray; Kiwik (Multi User OS)
xU jlitapy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l gadu;fs; ,aq;Ftjw;F mDkjpf;Fk; gzpr;nray;
Kiwik gy; gadu; gzpnray; Kiwik vdg;gLk;.
cjhuzk; - Windows server
Linux
3) gy;nfhs;gzp gzpnray; Kiwik (Multitasking OS)
xU jlitapy; gy nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;sf; $ba gzpr;nray; Kiwik gy;nfhs;gzp
gzpnray; Kiwik vdg;gLk;.
cjhuzk; - Windows 7
Mac OS
Ubuntu
4) epfo;Neu gzpnray; Kiwik (Real time OS)
nfhLf;fpd;w cs;sPl;bw;fhd ntspaPl;il jhkjkpd;wp clNdNa toq;Ffpd;w gzpr;nray;
Kiwik epfo;Neu gzpnray; Kiwik vdg;gLk;.
cjhuzk; - ATM ,ae;jpuk;
Mrdg; gjpT Kiwik
K/ky;yhtp kj;jpa fy;Y}up m.kJ\d;
4
gzpr;nray; Kiwikapd; gpujhd njhopy;fs;
i. gadu; ,ilKfj;ij toq;Fjy; (User Interface)
ii. fzpdp td;nghUs; nkd;nghUis Kfhik nra;jy;.
i. ,ilKfj;ij toq;Fjy; (User Interface)
gadUk; fzpdpAk; njhlu;GgLfpd;w ,ilKfNk gadu; ,ilKfk; MFk;.
,uz;L tifahd ,ilKfq;fs; cs;sd.
a. fl;lisf;Nfhl;L ,ilKfk; (CLI - Command Line Interface)
b. tiutpay; gadu; ,ilKfk; (GUI - Graphical User Interface)
a. fl;lisf;Nfhl;L ,ilKfk; (CLI)
Muk;g fhyq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l gzpr;nray; KiwikfSf;F fl;lisf; Nfhl;L
,ilKfNk gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
,q;F fl;lisfis (command) kl;Lk; jhd; cs;sL
P nra;af; $bajhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jd;
prompt jsj;jpd; %yNk cs;sPL nra;a KbAk;.
b. tiutpay; gadu; ,ilKfk; (GUI)
jw;NghJ gad;ghl;by; cs;s gzpnray; KiwikfSf;F tiutpay; gadu; ,ilKfk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
,J gadu; el;G ,ilKfk; (user friendly) vd miof;fg;gLk;. gadu; ,yFthf
gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ehd;F trjpfs; ,q;Nf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,J WIMP vd miof;fg;gLk;.
w - window
I - Icon
M - Menu
P - Pointer
K/ky;yhtp kj;jpa fy;Y}up m.kJ\d;
5
ii. fzpdp td;nghUs; nkd;nghUis Kfhik nra;jy;.
1. Kiwtop Kfhik (Process management)
2. epidtf Kfhik (Memory management)
3. rhjd Kfhik (Device management)
4. Nfhg;G Kfhik (File management)
5. fhg;G Kfhik (Security management)
6. tiyaikg;G Kfhik (Network management)
1. Kiwtop Kfhik (Process management)
i. Kiwtopf;F Njitahd Neuk; xJf;fg;gly;
ii. Kiwtopf;F Njitahd epidtfk; xJf;fg;gly;.
iii. cs;sPL> Kiwtopahf;fk;> ntspaPL Nghd;w myFfis xJf;fp Ntwhf;fp Kfhik
nra;jy;.
Note:- fzpdpapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; xt;nthU nraw;ghLfSk; Kiwtop
vdg;gLk;.
2. epidtf Kfhik (Memory management)
i. epidtf KfhikahdJ gpujhd epidtfk;> Jiz epidtfk; vd ,uz;L tifahd
epidtfq;fs; %yk; epidtf Kfhikia Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ.
ii. Jiz epidtfk; epiyahf juT> jfty;fis Njf;fp itf;fpd;wJ.
iii. gpujhd epidtfk; (RAM) Kiwtopahf;fj;jpd; Kd;dUk; gpd;dUk; juTfis
jw;fhypfkhf Nrkpf;fpd;wJ.
iv. Kiwtopahf;fj;jpw;F Njitahd ,lj;jpid xJf;fy;.
3. rhjd Kfhik (Device management)
i. td;nghUs; rhjdq;fspw;fhd ,ilKfj;ij rhjdr; nrYj;jp nra;epuy; (Device Driver)
%yk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
ii. td;nghUs; gFjpfis rhjdf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpfs; %yk; (Device Controller)
fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
iii. Plug and Play fUtp (tool) %yk; jd;dpaf;fkhf rhjdq;fs; ,aq;ff; $ba trjp
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
K/ky;yhtp kj;jpa fy;Y}up m.kJ\d;
6
4. Nfhg;G Kfhik (File management)
i. fzpdpapy; fhzg;gLk; Mtzq;fs;> ghly;fs;> fhnzhspfs; vd midj;Jk; Nfhg;G
vdg;gLk;.
cjhuzk; - Kannana kanne .MP3
Nfhg;Gg; ngau; Nfhg;G ePl;rp
ii. Nfhg;G MdJ Nfhg;Gg;ngau;> Nfhg;G ePl;rp vDk; ,U $Wfisf; nfhz;lJ.
iii. Nfhg;G ePl;rp – .jpg> .xlsx> .docx> .mp3> .mp4
iv. Nfhg;G ePl;rp %yNk vd;d tifahd Nfhg;G vd mwpa KbAk;.
v. Nfhg;G ciwahdJ Nfhg;Gf;fis Nrkpf;fTk; Kfhik nra;aTk; gad;gLk;.
gzpfs;
❖ Nfhg;Gf;fisAk;> Nfhg;G ciwfisAk;>
i. cUthf;fTk;> mopf;fTk; KbAk; (create,delete)
ii. jpwf;f> %l KbAk; (Open,close)
iii. kPs; ngaupl KbAk; (Rename)
iv. ,lq;fis khw;w KbAk;
5. fhg;G Kfhik (Security management)
i. gadu;nrhy; (user name)> flTr;nrhy; (password) %yk; fzpdpf; fzf;fpidg;
ghJfhj;jy;.
ii. jPr;Rtu; (firewall) %yk; fzpdp tiyaikg;ig fl;Lg;gLj;jYk;> mDkjpaw;w
egu; CLUtiy fl;Lg;gLj;jYk;.
iii. mZFf;fl;Lg;ghL %yk; fzpdpapd; tsq;fisg; ghJfhj;jy;.
6. tiyaikg;G Kfhik (Network management)
i. tiyaikg;G %yk; juT> jfty;> juTj;jsk;> nkd;nghUs;> td;nghUis gfpUjy;.
ii. juTj; njhlu;ghliy Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
K/ky;yhtp kj;jpa fy;Y}up m.kJ\d;
7
gadspg;G nkd;nghUs; (Utility Software)
1. fhg;G nkd;nghUs; - juT> jfty;fis ghJfhg;gpd; epkpj;jk;
(Backup software) gpujp vLg;gjw;F gad;gLj;Jk;
nkd;nghUs; fhg;G nkd;nghUs;.
2. er;Rrpuy; vjpu;g;G nkd;nghUs; - Gwj;Njf;ffr; rhjdq;fs; kw;Wk; fzpdpapy;
(Antivirus software) fhzg;gLfpd;w er;Repuy;fis mopg;gjw;F
gad;gLj;Jk; nkd;nghUs; ,JthFk;.
3. Nfhg;Gf;fis/juTfis RUf;Fjy; - mjpf nfhs;ssTila Nfhg;Gf;fisf; Fiwe;j
(File compression) nfhs;ssTila Nfhg;ghf khw;Wjy;.
4. tl;Lg; gpuptply; - ngsjPf uPjpahf fhzg;gLfpd;w td;jl;bid
(Disk partioning) ju;f;f uPjpahf gpupj;jy; tl;Lg; gpuptply; MFk;.
ed;ikfs;
1. xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l gzpnray; Kiwikfis
epWt KbAk;.
2. juTfis> jfty;fis tifg;gLj;jp Nrkpf;f
KbAk;.
5. tl;Lj; Jz;lhf;fy; - Nrkpf;fg;gl;l gFjpia xU gpuNjrkhfTk; Nrkpf;f
(Disk Defragmentation) glhj gFjpia xU gpuNjrkhfTk; xOq;fikj;J
jUk;.
,jd; %yk; fzpdp rPuhd Ntfj;JlDk; tpidj;
jpwDlDk; nraw;gLk;.
6. tl;L tbtikj;jy; - td;tl;by; tl;L tbtikj;jiy Nkw;nfhz;l
(Disk formatting) gpd;dNu juTfis Nrkpf;f KbAk;.
Njitf;F Vw;g td;tl;il kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;
tbtikj;jYf;F cl;gLj;jyhk; Mdhy; mjpy;
cs;s juT> jfty;fs; midj;Jk; mope;J tpLk;.
Note - Nfhg;G MdJ Nfhg;Gngau;> Nfhg;GePl;rp> Nfhg;gpd; msT> Nfhhg;G Nrkpf;fg;gl;l
jpfjp> Neuk;> Nfhg;G Nrkpf;fg;gl;l ,lk; Nghd;wtw;iw nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
K/ky;yhtp kj;jpa fy;Y}up m.kJ\d;
