mß.Klhla oDVdx. (Hardware) iaÓrdx. (Firmware) iy uDÿldx.
(Software) hk wx.j,ska iukaú; fõ' oDVdx. (Hardware) hkq ksYaÑ;
yevhla iys;" wmg iam¾Y l< yels" mß.Klhl fN!;sl fldgia fõ'
ta wkqj h;=re mqjrej" uQislh" ixo¾Ylh" oDV ;eáh" kdolh iy
uqøK hka;%h hkq oDVdx. i|yd WodyrK lsysmhls' iaÓrdx.
(Firmware) hkq mGk ud;% u;lfhys ^ROM& ia:dms;" mß.Klfha uQ,sl
l%shd;aul ^BOOT& ùug wod< Wmfoia fõ' mßYS,lhd ;srh u; olsk
m%:u Ñ;%l fyda joka m%;sodkh lrkq ,nkafka o iaÓrdx. úisk's
uDÿldx. (Software) hkq mß.Klh ;=<ska hï lsis ld¾hhla bgq lr .ekSug fokq
uDÿldx. (Software) hkq mß.Klh ;=<ska hï lsis ld¾hhla bgq lr .ekSug fokq ,nk Wmfoia iuQyhls'
,nk j¾.
uDÿldx. Wmfoia s iuQ
lsym hlaywe;'
hls' tauDÿldx. j¾.
jd fufia fjka lr lsoela
ysmúhla we;'
h yels h' tajd fufia fjka lr oelaúh
yels h'
moaO;s uDÿldx. (System Software)
fufyhqï moaO;s ^Operating System& - mß.Klfha ia:dms; wfkl=;a uDÿldx. iy oDVdx. l<ukdlrKh
lrñka mßYS,lhdg mß.Klh Ndú; lsÍug wjldYh ,nd fokafka fufyhqï moaO;sh u.sk's moaO;s
uDÿldx. yd fhojqï f,i mj;sk uDÿldx. oDvdx. iu. ia;r jYfhka iïnkaO jk wdldrh my;
rEmh fmkakqï flf¾'
උදාWindows 95 / 98 / XP / 07 / Vista
Unix
Linux
Ubuntu
Mac OS
Microsoft Windows Mac OS
UNIX and Linux Mobile Operating Systems
➢ mßYS,l w;=reuqyqK;la ,nd oSu
mß.Klh iu. jev lghq;= lsÍug w;=reuqyqK;la wjYH flf¾' fufyhqï moaO;s u.ska wjYH lrkq
,nk l%shd myiqfjka yd ir, j bgq lr .eksug wjYH lrk wK lsÍï ^úOdk& iy Wmfoia ,nd oSu
i|yd ñ;%YS,S w;=reuqyqK;la wm fj; ,nd fohs' fuu w;=reuqyqK; Ndú; lrñka wjYH lrk ishˆ
l%shd ixlS¾K l%shdoduhlg fkdf.dia myiqfjka u bgq lr .ekSug yels h'
w;=reuqyqK;a ms<sn| j l;d lsÍfï § wmg m%Odk jYfhka wdldr foll w;=re uqyqK;a oel .ekSug yels fõ'
1' úOdk fma,s w;=reuqyqK;a (CLI -Command Line Interfaces)
2' Ñ;%l mßYS,l w;=reuqyqK;a (GUI -Graphical User Interfaces)
by; lreKq fol ms<sn| j úia;rd;aul j úuid n,uq'
1' úOdk fma,s w;=reuqyqK;a (CLI -Command Line Interfaces) iys; fufyhqï moaO;s
wdrïNl wjêfha § ks¾udKh lrkq ,enq ish¨ mß.Kl fufyhqï moaO;sj, olakg ,enqfKa úOdk fma,s w;=reuqyqK;a
jk w;r fuys wod< wK lsÍï iy Wmfoia we;=<;a lsÍu i|yd fm%arlhla (prompt) olakg ,eìKs' wjYH lrk
ish¨ wK lsÍï iy Wmfoia fuu fm%arlh u; h;=re,shkh l< hq;= úh' tfia u wod< wK lsÍfï ldrl Í;sh
(syntax) ksjerÈ j wkq.ukh l< hq;= h'
2' Ñ;%l mßYS,l w;=reuqyqK;a (GUI -Graphical User Interfaces) iys; fufyhqï moaO;s
j¾;udkfha Ndú; lrk ish¨ mß.Kl fufyhqï moaO;sj, w;=reuqyqK; ilia fjkafka Ñ;%l mdol lr .ksñks'
mßYS,lhskag myiqfjka uQislh u.ska fyda w;eÕs,s Ndú; lrñka wjYH lrk l%shd bgq lr .ekSug fïjdfha §
yelshdj mj;S' fuu.ska b;d u myiqfjka fufyhqï moaO;sh Ndú; lrñka wjYH lrk lghq;= bgq lr .; yels
h' Ñ;%l mßYS,l w;=reuqyqK;a iys; fufyhqï moaO;s [Operating Systems with Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)]
ks¾udKh lsÍfï § m%Odk ixrpl (componets) y;rla Ndú; lrñka ñ;%YS,S mßirhla ilia lr § we;' tu ixrpl
(componets) i;r WIMP f,i fláfhka ye¢kafõ' WIMP hkqfjka woyia lrkafka"
1' ljq¿ ^Windows) 3' fukq ^Menus)
2' ksrEml$whslk ^Icons) 4' olajkh ^Pointer) hkakhs'
Wmfhda.s;d uDÿldx. ^Utility Software& - mß.Klfha ia:dms; wfkl=;auDÿldx. úYaf,aIKh
lsÍu iy mß.Klh kv;a;= lsÍu jeks l%shdjka i|yd Woõ lsÍug ks¾udKh lr
we;' Wmfhda.s;d uDÿldx."
fhÿï uDÿldx. j,ska fjkia jkafka" ixlS¾K;ajfhka iy l%shdldß;ajfhka h'
Wmfhda.S;d uDÿldx. mß.Klfha iïm;a l,ukdlrKh lsÍug iyh fõ' kuq;a fhÿï
uDÿldx. Bg iïmQ¾Kfhka fjkia jQ úúO ld¾hhka isÿ lrhs' úúO jQ ld¾hh i|yd
úúO Wmfhda.s;d uDÿldx. ks¾udKh lr we;' bka iuyrla kï"
1& m%;s jhsri uDÿldx. (Anti-virus Software) - ffjria wdidok j,ska
mß.Klh wdrlaId lr .ekSu'
2& ;eá wdlD;slrKh (Disk formatting) - f.dkq yd f*da,avr ;ekam;a lsÍug
iqÿiq wdldrhg ;eáh ieliSu'
Wmdx. Odjl (Device driver)
o .
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iudma;sh.
