Summer Assignment

Ayush Kumar
Class: 10 A
Roll No: 11
Subject: Computer Application

Introduction to Network Protocols

Network protocols are the
standardized rules and formats that
enable communication and data
exchange between different devices
on a network. Understanding these
fundamental protocols is crucial for
effective networking and digital
communication.
TCP/IP Protocol

1 Fundamental Internet 2 Layered Architecture

Protocol The TCP/IP model consists of four
TCP/IP is the foundational interconnected layers:
protocol that enables application, transport, internet,
communication on the internet, and network access, each with
allowing devices to connect and specific functions.
exchange data.

3 Addressing and Routing 4 Connection-Oriented

TCP/IP uses IP addresses to
and Connectionless
identify devices on the network TCP provides a reliable,
and routing protocols to connection-oriented data stream,
determine the optimal path for while UDP offers a faster,
data transmission. connectionless model for
applications with low latency
requirements.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer
Protocol)
Web Browsing Stateless Request-
HTTP is the
Communication Response Cycle
foundation of data HTTP is a stateless The HTTP protocol
communication on protocol, meaning follows a request-
the World Wide Web, each request from a response model where
powering the client to a server is the client (web
exchange of independent and the browser) sends a
information between server does not request to the server,
web browsers and retain any client data which then responds
servers. between requests. with the requested
data.
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer
Protocol Secure)

Encrypted Authentication Enhanced Security

Connections HTTPS validates the The HTTPS protocol
HTTPS establishes a identity of the website, provides an extra layer
secure, encrypted confirming you're of security over standard
connection between a connecting to the HTTP, making it the
client and server, legitimate site and not standard for any website
ensuring sensitive data an imposter, protecting handling sensitive user
like login credentials and against man-in-the- data or transactions.
financial information are middle attacks.
transmitted safely.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

File Transfer Authentication

FTP enables the transfer of files FTP supports both anonymous and
between a client and a server, authenticated access, allowing
allowing users to upload, users to access public files or login
download, and manage files on with credentials for private files.
remote systems.

Directory Navigation Legacy Protocol

FTP allows users to navigate and FTP is a legacy protocol, and its
manage directories on the remote use is gradually declining in favor
server, listing files, creating, of more secure alternatives like
deleting, and renaming directories. SFTP (Secure FTP) and FTPS (FTP
over SSL/TLS).
VoIP (Voice over Internet
Protocol)

VoIP Fundamentals VoIP Call Process Benefits of VoIP

VoIP is a technology that When making a VoIP VoIP offers a range of
allows users to make call, the caller's voice is benefits including
voice calls over the digitized, compressed, reduced communication
internet rather than and then transmitted as costs, increased
traditional phone lines. data packets over the flexibility, enhanced call
It converts analog audio internet to the recipient. features, and the ability
signals into digital data The recipient's device to integrate voice with
packets that are then decompresses and other business
transmitted through the converts the digital applications.
internet. signal back to analog
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol)

1 Message Transmission 2 Sender and Recipient

SMTP is the standard protocol SMTP specifies the format of the
used to transmit email messages email message and handles the
from a client to a mail server or process of routing the message
between mail servers. to the recipient's email address.

3 Simple and Reliable 4 Widespread Adoption

SMTP is a simple, text-based SMTP is the most widely used
protocol that provides a reliable protocol for email transmission,
and efficient way to deliver enabling seamless
electronic mail over the internet. communication across a vast
network of email providers.
POP3: Post Office Protocol version 3
Function POP3 allows email clients to download
messages from a remote mail server
to the local machine.

Download Modes POP3 supports two modes: leave

messages on server or delete
messages from server after download.

Limitations POP3 does not provide advanced

features like message synchronization
or access to emails from multiple
devices.
Alternatives IMAP is a more modern protocol that
overcomes the limitations of POP3 by
storing emails on the server.
Diagram of the Protocols
This slide presents a comprehensive visual
representation of the key network protocols covered in
this presentation. The diagram illustrates the
relationships and interactions between TCP/IP, HTTP,
HTTPS, FTP, VoIP, SMTP, and POP3, providing a clear
understanding of how these protocols function together
to enable seamless communication and data transfer
across the internet.