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An Introduction to Kubernetes
This document introduces Kubernetes, a platform for hosting Docker containers in a clustered environment, detailing its architecture, components, and features such as load balancing and auto-healing. It explains the role of Linux containers, Docker, and provides insights into Kubernetes' key concepts like pods, labels, and the API server. Additionally, it includes references and links for further exploration of virtualization and container technology.
In this document
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Overview of the presentation's purpose and agenda including key topics to be covered: Linux Containers, Docker, Kubernetes and its architecture.
Explains Linux Containers as OS-level virtualization, features using namespaces and cgroups, and introduces the LXC engine.
Details about Docker as a container management platform, its architecture, image structure, and basic commands for operation.
Discusses potential vulnerabilities of using standalone Docker for server clusters, highlighting the issue of single-point failure.
Introduces Kubernetes as a platform for hosting Docker containers in a clustered environment along with its main concepts and features.
Details Kubernetes architecture, explaining components like Master, Minion nodes, networking, and API server functions.
Indicates a practical demonstration of how Kubernetes operates and manages containers.
Provides a list of references and resources for further reading on virtualization, containers, and Kubernetes.
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An Introduction to Kubernetes
- 1. An Introduction to Kubernetes ImeshGunaratne Product Lead, WSO2 Private PaaS Committer & PMC Member, Apache Stratos
- 2. Agenda ● Linux Containers ●Docker ● Kubernetes ● Kubernetes Architecture ● Kubernetes Demo
- 3.
- 4. Linux Containers Linux ContainerBrief for IEEE WG P2302, Boden Russell
- 5. Linux Containers An operatingsystem–level virtualization method for running multiple isolated Linux systems (containers) on a single control host. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LXC
- 6. Linux Kernel Featuresused by Linux Containers ● Namespaces (mnt, pid, net, ipc, uts/hostname, user ids) ● cgroups (cpu, memory, disk, i/o - resource management) ● AppArmor, SELinux (security/access control) ● seccomp (computation isolation) ● chroot (file system isolation) http://www.slideshare.net/imesh/evoluation-of-linux-container-virtualization
- 7. LXC Engine: AHypervisor for Containers Linux Container Brief for IEEE WG P2302, Boden Russell
- 8. More about LinuxContainers https://linuxcontainers.org
- 10. Docker ● A platformfor managing Linux Containers ● Began as an open-source implementation of the deployment engine which powers dotCloud ● Started in March, 2013 ● Provided an easy to use API and powerful container image management features ● Attracted the community very fast https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/master/README.md
- 11. Docker is builton ● cgroup and namespacing capabilities of the Linux kernel ● Go programming language (written in Go) ● Docker Image Specification (for container image management) ● Libcontainer Specification (namespaces, filesystem, resources, security, etc) https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/master/README.md
- 12. Virtual Machines VsDocker https://www.docker.com/whatisdocker/
- 13. Docker Architecture Enterprise Docker,Adrien BLIND, Aurelien GABET, Arnaud MAZIN
- 14.
- 15. Docker - HelloWorld # Get one base Docker image >docker pull ubuntu # List Docker images available >docker images # Run hello world >docker run ubuntu:14.04 echo "hello world" Docker Paris Meetup, Victor Vieux, dotCloud Inc
- 16. Detached mode # Runhello world in detached mode (-d) >docker run -d ubuntu sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done" # Get container’s ID >docker ps # Attach to the container >docker attach <container-id> # Stop/start/restart the container >docker stop <container-id> Docker Paris Meetup, Victor Vieux, dotCloud Inc
- 17. Problems with standaloneDocker Load Balancer Docker Containers Docker Host ● Running a server cluster on a set of Docker containers, on a single Docker host is vulnerable to single point of failure!
- 18.
- 19. Kubernetes ● Kubernetes isa platform for hosting Docker containers in a clustered environment with multiple Docker hosts ● Provides container grouping, load balancing, auto-healing, scaling features ● Project was started by Google ● Contributors == Google, CodeOS, Redhat, Mesosphere, Microsoft, HP, IBM, VMWare, Pivotal, SaltStack, etc
- 20. Key Concepts ofKubernetes ● Pod - A group of Containers ● Labels - Labels for identifying pods ● Kubelet - Container Agent ● Proxy - A load balancer for Pods ● etcd - A metadata service ● cAdvisor - Container Advisor provides resource usage/performance statistics ● Replication Controller - Manages replication of pods ● Scheduler - Schedules pods in worker nodes ● API Server - Kubernetes API server
- 21. Kubernetes Architecture Overlay Network:10.1.0.0/16 (Flannel, Open vSwitch, etc) Kubernetes Master Kubernetes Minion 1 Kubernetes Minion 2 Kubernetes Minion n Service Network: 172.17.8.0/24 etcd Docker Registry API Replication Controllers Scheduler Kubelet Proxy cAdvisor Pods Docker A Docker B
- 22. Kubernetes Master Kubernetes Master KubeletInfo Service API Scheduler Replication Controllers
- 23. Kubernetes Minion (WorkerNode) Kubernetes Minion Kubelet Proxy Pod 1 Pod 2 Pod n cAdvisor ContainersContainersContainers ContainersContainersContainers ContainersContainersContainers Kubernetes Services Kubernetes Services Kubernetes Services
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- 26. References ● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization ● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor ●http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LXC ● http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~rich/class/cs290- cloud/papers/lxc-namespace.pdf ● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cgroups ● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AppArmor ● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security-Enhanced_Linux ● http://www.lorien.ch/server/chroot.html
- 27. References ● SELinux forEveryday Users, PaulWay ● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seccomp ● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroot ● Linux Container Brief for IEEE WG P2302, Boden Russell ● http://kubernetes.io/ ● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fcb4aoSAZ98 ● http://www.slideshare.net/enakai/architecture- overview-kubernetes-with-red-hat-enterprise-linux-71