C# programming language

C# programming language

• 1.
  OVERVIEW OF
• 2.
  What is C#? It is a computer-programming language developed by Microsoft Corporation, USA.  It is fully object-oriented language.  Suitable for developing Web-based applications  Designed for developing robust, reliable & durable components to handle real-world applications.
• 3.
  Highlights of C# Derived from C/C++ family.  It simplifies & modernizes C++.  It is only component oriented language available today.  It is a language designed for the .NET Framework.  It is a concise, lean & modern language.  It combines the best features of many commonly used languages: the productivity of VB, the power of C++, & the elegance of Java.  It is intrinsically object-oriented & web-enabled.  It has a lean & consistent syntax.  It is simple, robust & productive.  Major parts of .NET Framework are actually coded in C#.
• 4.
  Why C# ????? The primary motivation while developing any language is the concern that it able to handle the increasing complexity of programs that are robust, durable & maintainable.  The history of major languages developed is as follows: BPCL B C C++ ANSI C Oak Java ANSI C++ C# 1967 1970 1972 1983 1987 1991 1995 1996 2000 Dennis Ritchie Bjarne Stroustrup ANSI Committee James Gostling Sun MicroSystems ANSI Committe Microsoft Martin Richards Ken Thompson
• 5.
  Continue….  C &C++ languages suffer from a number of shortcomings in meeting World Wide Web requirements & standards.  Some are as follows: 1. The high complexity of language 2. They are not truly object oriented 3. They have poor type safety 4. They are not suitable for working with new web technologies. 5. They do not support versioning 6. They are weak in consistency 7. Their poor compatibility with the existing systems  VB, a language promoted by Microsoft for overcoming these problems, is not truly object- oriented and becomes increasingly difficult to use when systems become large.  Java which is truly object- oriented has not retained some powerful C++ features such as operator overloading.  Java also lacks inter-operability with code developed in other languages.  Microsoft therefore decided to design a new language.  The result is C#, a simple & modern language that directly addresses the needs of component-based software development.
• 6.
   C# isa descendant of C++ which in turn is a descendant of C as illustrated below: C C++ Java C# VB Concept ProductivityElegance Concept Component Orientation Object Orentation Power
• 7.
  Characteristics of C# Simple  C# simplifies C++ by eliminating irksome operators such as ->, ::, and pointers.  C# treats integers & Boolean data types as entirely different types.  Consistent  C# supports an unified type system which eliminates the problem of varying ranges of integer types.  All types are treated as objects.  Modern  C# is called modern language because it supports:  Automatic garbage collection  Rich intrinsic model for error handling  Decimal data types for financial applications  Modern approach to debugging  Robust security model
• 8.
  Continue….  Object-Oriented  C#is truly object-oriented. It supports:  Encapsulation  Inheritance  Polymorphism  Type-Safe  Type safety promotes robust programs.  C# incorporates number of type-safe measures:  All dynamically allocated objects & arrays are initialized to zero  Use of any uninitialized variables produces an error message by the compiler  C# supports automatic garbage collection  Version able  Making new versions of software modules work with the existing applications is known as versioning  C# provides support for versioning with the help of new & override keywords.
• 9.
   Compatible  C#enforces the .NET common language specifications & therefore allows inter-operation with other .NET languages  Interoperable  C# provides support for using COM objects, no matter what language was used to author them.  Flexible  We may declare certain classes & methods as ‘unsafe’ and then use pointers to manipulate them. Continue…
• 10.
  How Does C#differs from Java ? 1. C# has more primitive data types 2. Arrays are declared differently in C# 3. C# supports struct type & Java does not 4. Java does not provide for operator overloading 5. C# provides for better versioning support than Java 6. C# provides static constructors for initialization 7. Java does not directly support enumerations 8. C# uses is operator instead of instanceof operator in Java 9. C# checks overflows uses checked statements 10. There is no labeled break statement in C#. The goto statement is used to achieve this. 11. In Java, the switch statement can have only integer expression, while C# supports either an integer or string expressions
• 11.
  A Simple C#Program class SampleOne { public static void Main() { System.Console.WriteLine(“C# is sharper than C++”); } }  Executing the program  Save the above file with SampleOne.cs name  Compile as : csc SampleOne.cs  C# compiler compiles your code and create an executable file by name  SampleOne.exe  For executing the program, simply type in the name of the executable file at the command prompt.
• 12.
  NAMESPACES System.Console.WriteLine();  Here Systemis a namespace in which the Console class is located.  This class can be accessed using the dot operator.  C# supports using directive that can be used to import the namespace System into the program. using System; class SampleTwo { public static void Main() { Console.WriteLine(“Hello World!!!”); } }
• 13.
  Providing Interactive Input usingSystem; class SampleEight { public static void Main(string[] args) { Console.Write(“Enter Your Name”); string name = Console.ReadLine(); Console.WriteLine(“Hello ”+name); } }