Dynamic CSS: Transforms, Transitions, and Animation Basics

DYNAMIC CSS:
TRANSFORMS, TRANSITIONS,
AND ANIMATION BASICS
WordCamp US 2015
|
|
Beth Soderberg @bethsoderberg
CHIEF @AgencyChief

"to change in form, appearance, or structure; metamorphose"
- Dictionary.com
“The CSS transform property lets you modify the coordinate space
of the CSS visual formatting model. Using it, elements can be
translated, rotated, scaled, and skewed according to the values
set.”
- Mozilla Developer Network
What is a transform?

No Transforms
transform: none;
One Transform
transform: transform-function;
Multiple Transforms
transform: transform-function transform-function transform-function;
Transforms: Syntax

Transform Functions
Rotate
Scale
Skew
Translate
... and Matrix

Rotate
Rotates an element clockwise from its current position. Counter
clockwise rotations can be achieved by using negative values.

* angles are expressed as (5deg) or (-5deg), for example.
transform: rotate(angle);
Rotate: Syntax

Examples
BOX
BOX WITH SMILEY
<div class="box"></div>
.box {
width: 3em;
height: 3em;
background: #fffc00;
}

<div class="box"><i class="fa fa-smile-o"></i></div>
.box .fa {
font-size: 2em;
line-height: 1.45em;
text-align: center;
color: #000000;
}

Rotate: Examples
ROTATE 25 DEGREES TO THE RIGHT

.box {
transform: rotate(25deg);
}
ROTATE 25 DEGREES TO THE LEFT

.box {
transform: rotate(-25deg);
}

Scale
Scales an element relative to its original size. The values specified
within scale transforms are unitless and should be thought of as a
multiplier.

X and Y axis Scale
* if only valueX is specified, valueY is assumed to be equal to valueX
transform: scale(valueX, valueY);
Just X axis Scale
transform: scaleX(valueX);
Just Y axis Scale
transform: scaleY(valueY);
Scale: Syntax

Scale: Examples
SHRINK TO HALF SIZE

.box {
transform: scale(0.5);
}
DOUBLE Y AXIS

.box {
transform: scale(1, 2);
}

Skew
Skews an element along the X and/or Y axis by an angle value.

X and Y axis Skew
* do not use
transform: skew(angleX, angleY);
Just X axis Skew
transform: skewX(angleX);
Just Y axis Skew
transform: skewY(angleY);
Skew: Syntax

Skew: Examples
SKEW LEFT

.box {
transform: skewX(25deg);
}
SKEW LEFT AND UP
 .box {
transform: skewX(25deg) skewY(25deg);
}

Translate
Moves an element vertically and/or horizontally relative to its
current position. Positive values will move the element right on the
X axis or down on the Y axis. Conversely, negative values will move
the element left on the X axis or up on the Y axis. Any regular length
value can be used (px, em, etc.).

X and Y axis translation
transform: translate(valueX, valueY);
Just X axis translation
transform: translateX(valueX);
Just Y axis translation
transform: translateY(valueY);
Translate: Syntax

Translate: Example
STARTING POINT

.box-wrap {
width: 6em;
height: 6em;
border: 5px solid #282828;
}
MOVE BOX TO BOTTOM RIGHT

.box {
transform: translate(3em, 3em);
}

Why would you use translate when you
can use more established CSS
standards for layout and formatting?
Think of translate as a more efficient way to move placement in a
transition or animation.

Transform Origin
A CSS property that defines the point from which a CSS transform
is applied to an element. By default, transform-origin is set to the
center of an element (50% 50%).

transform-origin: x-offset y-offset;
x-offset: a length or percentage from the left edge of the element's box.
y-offset: a length or percentage from the top edge of the element's box.
Accepted keywords
Transform Origin Syntax
left (0%)
center (50%)
right (100%)
top (0%)
bottom (100%)

Transform Origin: Examples

ROTATE 25 DEGREES TO THE LEFT & TRANSFORM ORIGIN AT TOP RIGHT
.box {
transform-origin: 100% 0%;
}


ROTATE 25 DEGREES TO THE LEFT & TRANSFORM ORIGIN AT BOTTOM RIGHT
.box {
transform-origin: right bottom;
}


Prefix Requirements
Transforms: Browser Support

9+








NOTE: 3d transforms are coming and can be used in a lot of browsers now, but they are only partially supported in IE10 and 11.
-ms-
-webkit-

"movement, passage, or change from one position, state, stage,
subject, concept, etc., to another; change"
- Dictionary.com
“The transition property is a shorthand property used to represent
up to four transition-related longhand properties [that] allow
elements to change values over a specified duration, animating the
property changes, rather than having them occur immediately.”
- CSS Tricks
What is a transition?

Transition Properties
transition-property
transition-duration
transition-timing-function
transition-delay

Shorthand
transition: property duration timing-function delay;
Longhand
transition-property: property;
transition-duration: duration;
transition-timing-function: timing-function;
transition-delay: delay;
Transitions: Syntax

Syntax
transition-property: value;
Accepted Values
Transition Property
Specifies which property or properties will be impacted by the
transition.
all (default)
none
single property name
multiple property names, separated by commas

Transitions: Example Stage 1
Transition Property Only
STARTING STATE

.box {
transition-property: color, background-color, width;
color: #000000;
background-color: #fffc00;
width: 3em;
}
ACTIVE STATE

.box:hover {
color: #FFFFFF;
background-color: #CA0164;
width: 3.6em;
}

Syntax
transition-duration: value;
Accepted Values
Transition Duration Property
Specifies the amount of time the transition will take.
time in seconds (s) or milliseconds (ms)
multiple time values, separated by commas
initial
inherit

Transition Property + Duration
STARTING STATE

.box {
transition-duration: 2s;
color: #000000;
width: 3em;
}
ACTIVE STATE

.box:hover {
color: #FFFFFF;
width: 3.6em;
}

Syntax
transition-timing-function: value;
Accepted Values
ease
linear
ease-in
ease-out
ease-in-out
step-start
step-end
custom cubic Bézier curve value
custom stepping function value
Transition Timing Property
Specifies the pace at which the transition will run.
For an in-depth explanation of the transition timing property, check out this article: http://www.the-art-of-web.com/css/timing-
function/

Transition Property + Duration + Timing
STARTING STATE

.box {
transition-timing-function: ease-in;
color: #000000;
width: 3em;
}
ACTIVE STATE

.box:hover {
color: #ffffff;
background-color: #ca0164;
width: 3.6em;
}

Syntax
transition-delay: value;
Accepted Values
Transition Delay Property
Specifies when the transition will start relative to the instant the
property value changes.
time in seconds (s) or milliseconds (ms)
multiple time values, separated by commas
initial
inherit

Transition Property + Duration + Timing + Delay
STARTING STATE

.box {
transition-timing-function: ease-in;
transition-delay: 3s;
color: #000000;
width: 3em;
}
ACTIVE STATE

.box:hover {
color: #FFFFFF;
width: 3.6em;
}

Prefix Requirements
Transitions: Browser Support

10+








-webkit-

"the state or condition of being animated"
"containing representations of animals or mechanical objects that
appear to move as real ones do"
- Dictionary.com
“A way for authors to animate the values of CSS properties over
time, using keyframes. The behavior of these keyframe animations
can be controlled by specifying their duration, number of repeats,
and repeating behavior.”
- W3C Draft Specification
What is an animation?

Required Properties
Optional Properties
Animation: Keyframes
Keyframes establish the behavior of an animation over time.
animation-duration
animation-name
animation-timing-function
animation-delay
animation-iteration-count
animation-direction
animation-fill-mode
animation-play-state

Syntax
animation-duration: value;
Accepted Values
Animation: Animation Duration
Property
Specifies the length of time one cycle of the animation will take.
Time in seconds (s) or milliseconds (ms)

Syntax
animation-name: [custom-value];
Accepted values
Animations: Animation Name Property
Specifies the animation/s that should be applied to the CSS
element.
Custom string with no spaces

Syntax
animation-iteration-count: value;
Accepted values
Animations: Animation Interation
Count Property
Specifies the number of times the animation cycle should run.
a number
infinite
initial
inherit

.element {
animation-duration: value;
animation-name: custom-value;
}
Animation: Syntax to Call Animation
*Optional animation properties would be included in the same code block as animation-duration and animation-name.

@keyframes animation-name {
keyframe-location {
css-properties;
}
keyframe-location {
css-properties;
}
}
Animation: Keyframes Syntax
animation name: the animation-name string from your CSS
keyframe location: waypoint of the animation
Can either be percentages between 0-100% or in the case of animations with only two waypoints, the keywords “from” and “to.”
CSS properties: the CSS properties that change throughout the
animation. Not all CSS properties are “animatable.”
A detailed list of which properties are and are not able to be animated is located here: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_animated_properties

Animations: Example

.box {
animation-duration: 1s;
animation-name: zoom-pulse;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}
@keyframes zoom-pulse {
0% { transform: rotate(-9deg) scale(0.8); }
17% { transform: rotate(-3deg) scale(1); }
34% { transform: rotate(3deg) scale(1.2); }
85% { transform: rotate(-3deg) scale(1); }
100% { transform: rotate(-9deg) scale(0.8); }
}

animation-name: none;
animation-duration: 0s;
animation-timing-function: ease;
animation-delay: 0s;
animation-iteration-count: 1;
animation-direction: normal;
animation-fill-mode: none;
animation-play-state: running;
Animations: Default Animation
Property Values

Prefix Requirements
Keyframe Animations:
Browser Support

10+








-webkit-

W3C Working Drafts
Books
Blog Posts
Where to Learn More
Transforms:
Transitions:
Animations:
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-2d-transforms/
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-transitions/
http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-animations/
, Kirupa Chinnathambi
, Alexis Goldstein
Animation in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
Learning CSS3 Animations and Transitions
http://www.responsivegeometry.com/code/dynamic-css

THANK YOU!
Beth
twitter.com/bethsoderberg
slideshare.net/bethsoderberg
bethsoderberg.com
responsivegeometry.com
CHIEF
twitter.com/agencychief
agencychief.com
This Presentation
Slides: slideshare.net/bethsoderberg/dynamic-css

Dynamic CSS: Transforms, Transitions, and Animation Basics

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