Intro to CSS3

Introduction
to

CSS3
Denise Jacobs
The Code Project
Boost Virtual Summit
1
http://www.flickr.com/photos/harryharris/381154280/
May 25, 2011

Get Your Tweet On!

Who I am:
@denisejacobs

This fine event:
@thecodeproject #CPVTS

What I’m talkin’ ‘bout:
#css3intro
2

A little about me

3 CSSDetectiveGuide.com & InterActWithWebStandards.com

Intro to CSS3 Overview
1. What’s new in CSS3?
– CSS3 Modularity
– Colors in CSS3

2. Getting Started With CSS3
– CSS3 & Cross-browser coding
– Useful tools

3. CSS3 Properties
– Webfonts
• @font-face
4 • Webfont services

Agenda
– New Visual Effects
• border-radius
• opacity
• rgba
• box-shadow
• text-shadow
– Advanced Visual Effects
• border-image
• multiple backgrounds
• background-size
• multi-column layout
– 2D Transformations
5

Agenda
– Animation
• transitions
• animation and keyframes

4. Responsive Design with @media queries

5. CSS3 Selectors

6. Recommended books

6

What’s New in CSS3?
CSS3 is the third generation of the CSS
specification recommendations from the
W3C.

In CSS3 there are new selectors, pseudo-
elements and classes, properties, and
values specifically created to answer the
needs and solve the problems of modern
web design and development.

8

CSS3 Modularity
CSS3 has been broken up into different
unique modules. This means is that, for
example, the particular CSS properties and
values for layout is grouped into one
specific module.

9

CSS3 Modularity: Benefits
• Browser producers can now implement
CSS3 module by module
• Speeds up the browser implementation
process
• Encourages innovation

10

The CSS3 Modules
• Template Layout • Values and Units
• Backgrounds and Borders • Web Fonts
• Ruby • Behavioral Extensions to CSS
• Basic User Interface • Line Layout
• Basic Box Model • Flexible Box Layout
• Grid Positioning • Image Values
• Speech • 2D Transformations
• Marquee • Multi-column Layout
• Style Attribute Syntax • 3D Transformations
• Cascading and Inheritance • Namespaces
• Color • Transitions
• Fonts • Animations
• Text • View Module
• Generated Content for Paged • Media Queries
Media • Paged Media
• Generated and Replaced • Selectors
Content
11

Resources: New in CSS3
http://www.w3.org/TR/tr-groups-all#
tr_Cascading_Style_Sheets__CSS__
Working_Group

12

Colors in CSS3: RGB
• Regular RGB
rgb(x, x, x):
ex. rgb(255, 0, 0)

• RBG with alpha-opacity
rgba(x, x, x, y):
An RGB value
ex. rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.2)

13

RGBA Color
Alpha opacity:
0.0 = 0% = no opacity
1.0 = 100% = full opacity

14

Colors in CSS3: HSL
HSL stands for hue, saturation, and
luminosity (lightness)

• Regular HSL
hsl(x%, x%, x%):
ex. hsl(0, 100%, 50%)

• HSL with alpha-opacity
hsla(x%, x%, x%, y):
ex. hsla(0, 100%, 50%, 0.5)

15

HSL Color Wheel

0º – Red
60º – Yellow
120º – Green
180º – Cyan
240º – Blue
300º – Magenta

16

HSL Color Picker Tool

17 http://www.workwithcolor.com/hsl-color-picker-01.htm

Getting Started with
CSS3:
The Rules of the Road

18 http://www.flickr.com/photos/ilike/3707503212/

CSS3 Browser
Compatibility

19 http://www.flickr.com/photos/sfllaw/222795669/

The Scoop
• Many properties are browser-specific,
requiring vendor prefixes

• Plus there is a standard property

• There are syntax differences between
browser-specific properties and the
standard property

• All of this causes an increase in the amount
of CSS
20

Code bloat in action
Ideally: Reality:

a.polaroid:active { a.polaroid:active {
z-index: 999; z-index: 999;
border-color: #6A6A6A; border-color: #6A6A6A;
box-shadow: 15px 15px 20px -webkit-box-shadow: 15px
rgba(0,0, 0, 0.4); 15px 20px rgba(0,0, 0,
transform: rotate(0deg) 0.4);
scale(1.05); -moz-box-shadow: 15px 15px
} 20px rgba(0,0, 0, 0.4);
box-shadow: 15px 15px 20px
rgba(0,0, 0, 0.4);
-webkit-transform:
rotate(0deg)
scale(1.05);
-moz-transform:
rotate(0deg)
scale(1.05);
transform: rotate(0deg)
scale(1.05);
}
21

None of the older IEs support CSS3

• …as in “not any.”

6 7 8

23 http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnsnape/4258191545/

IE9 now supports CSS3
…But still not as fully as
the other browsers
yet.

24

Resources: IE9 CSS3 support
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
us/ie/ff468705.aspx#_Web_standards_sup
port

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
us/library/cc351024%28v=vs.85%29.aspx

http://www.impressivewebs.com/css3-
support-ie9/

25

Tools you’ll need:
1. CSS3 Property browser support charts
2. CSS3 Selector browser support charts
3. CSS3 Specifications
4. All browsers to test in and/or
cross-browser testers

26

CSS3 Property browser support charts

http://www.findmebyip.com/
litmus

27

CSS3 Selector browser support charts

http://www.standardista.com/css3/
css3-selector-browser-support

28

The CSS3 Specifications
The CSS3 Specifications are THE resource for
finding out exactly is the intented behavior
and use of any given property.

http://www.w3.org/standards/techs/
css#w3c_all

29

Cross-browser testers
http://tredosoft.com/Multiple_IE

http://crossbrowsertesting.com/
(paid)

http://browsershots.org/
(free)
30

CSS3 & Cross-
browser Coding

31 http://www.flickr.com/photos/scfiasco/4490322916/

The Goal: Code that works
in all most browsers

32

How do we achieve this?

33 http://www.flickr.com/photos/barretthall/205175534/

Steps to get as close as possible
1. Leverage source order
2. Filter it
3. Let tools do all of the work

34

Leverage source order
• Place default properties first

• Place browser-specific properties ahead of
standard properties

• The standard properties will override the
vendor’s when the standard is established.

35

A Proper Stack
.gradient {
color: #fff;

36

A Proper Stack
.gradient {
color: #fff;
background: #aaaaaa url(gradient_slice.jpg) 0 0
x-repeat; /*fallback background color & image*/

37

A Proper Stack
.gradient {
color: #fff;
background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top,
#07407c, #aaaaaa); /* gradient for Mozilla */

38

A Proper Stack
.gradient {
color: #fff;
background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear,left
top,left bottom,color-stop(0, #07407c),color-
stop(1, #aaaaaa)); /* gradient for the Webkits
*/

39

A Proper Stack
.gradient {
color: #fff;
*/
-ms-filter:
"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(sta
rtColorStr='#07407c', EndColorStr='#aaaaaa')";
/* filter for IE8 (& IE9) */

40

A Proper Stack
.gradient {
color: #fff;
*/
-ms-filter:
/* filter for IE8 (& IE9) */
filter:
progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(star
tColorStr='#07407c', EndColorStr='#aaaaaa');
} /* filter for IE7 and lower */
41

Apply a Filter
• If you must have the effect in IE lt 8, such as alpha
opacity, gradient, shadow, transitions etc. you
could use a proprietary IE filter.

• The -ms-filter attribute is an extension to CSS.
This syntax will allow other CSS parsers to skip the
value of this unknown property completely and
safely. It also avoids future name clashes with other
CSS parsers.

• In IE 8 mode, filters must be prefixed with "-ms-"
and the PROGID must be in single or double quotes
to make sure IE 8 renders the filters properly.
42

Filters: {Caveat Coder}
• IE filters work, but are essentially hacks
– IE filters are proprietary and thus not part of
any standard specification, and never will be

43

Resources: IE Filters
Microsoft Visual Filters and Transitions Reference
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/
ms532853%28v=VS.85%29.aspx

44

Let the tools do the work
• We’ll talk about those next!

45

CSS3 Tools


Useful CSS3 Tools
1. CSS3 Generators
2. Helper Scripts
3. Browser Feature Detection
4. Templates

47

CSS3 Generators

48 http://www.flickr.com/photos/latca/841730130/

CSS3 Tools at WestCiv

52 http://westciv.com/tools/

More CSS3 Generators
http://border-radius.com

http://www.css3maker.com

http://www.colorzilla.com/
gradient-editor/

http://csscorners.com

53 http://border-image.com

Helper Scripts

54 http://www.flickr.com/photos/keystricken/386106987/

Get a helping hand…
These scripts help IE lt 8 behave like CSS3-
compliant browsers. However, support of
CSS3 properties varies between scripts.

55

ie-7.js (includes IE8 and IE9)

56 http://code.google.com/p/ie7-js/

CSS Sandpaper

58 http://www.useragentman.com/blog/csssandpaper-a-css3-javascript-library/

Browser Feature
Detection


What does Modernizr do?
Modernizr detects which CSS3 (and HTML5)
properties are supported by the browser,
and appends classes to the <html> tag,
which then allows you to create styles to
target specific properties to individual
browsers.

It is a premier progressive enhancement
tool!

61

How to use Modernizr
http://www.alistapart.com/articles/taking-
advantage-of-html5-and-css3-with-
modernizr/

http://webdesignernotebook.com/css/
how-to-use-modernizr

http://www.ericlightbody.com/2010/
modernizr-your-tool-for-html5-and-css3-
functionality/

62

Templates

63 http://www.flickr.com/photos/jazzmasterson/275796175/

HTML5Boilerplate.com

Paul Irish’s HTML5 template file
http://html5boilerplate.com/

64

@font-face

67 http://lostworldsfairs.com/moon/

@font-face
• Note:
– Actually part of the CSS2.1 specification.
– Therefore, the IEs do support it!

• Tips & issues
– When you decide to use a font as a webfont,
you have to be sure that the EULA supports it.
– One way to avoid that is to use ONLY fonts
that are listed as approved webfonts.

• Browser Support
– IE lt 8 require fonts to be in EOT format
– IE9 now supports WOFF
68

@font-face
@font-face {
font-family: 'Graublau Web';
src: local('Graublau'),
url('GraublauWeb.woff')
format('woff'),
url('GraublauWeb.ttf')
format('truetype');
url('GraublauWeb.eot'),
format('eot');
}

69

@font-face bug: IE lt 8

@font-face super bullet-proofing

The problem:
@font-face doesn’t work, even with the
proper normal syntax. What gives?

70

@font-face bug: Webkit

@font-face bold and italics “bug”

The problem:
Applying font-weight:bold or font-
style: italic to @font-face'd text doesn’t
work.

71

Solution: IE proof @font-face
+ faux variations
Example:
@font-face {
font-family: 'MyFontFamily';
src: url('myfont-webfont.eot?#iefix‘)
format('embedded-opentype'),
url('myfont-webfont.woff')
format('woff'),
url('myfont-
webfont.ttf')format('truetype'),
url('myfont-webfont.svg#svgFontName')
format('svg');
font-weight:normal;
font-style:normal;
font-variant:normal;
}
72

FontSquirrel.com

73 http://www.fontsquirrel.com/fontface/generator

Webfont Services

74 http://www.typekit.com

Webfont Services
Instead of generating the webfonts yourself,
you can pay a service where the webfonts
are hosted elsewhere, and you link to them
and use the fonts on their server.

75

Webfont Services
http://www.typotheque http://www.webtype.com
.com/webfonts
http://www.fontslive.com
http://typekit.com
http://www.extensis.com/en
http://fontdeck.com /WebINK/

http://kernest.com http://webfonts.fonts.com

http://www.ascenderfonts http://webfonts.info/wiki/in
.com/webfonts/ dex.php?title=Category:W
ebfont_Services

76

Resources: @font-face
• http://www.delicious.com/denisejacobs/
font-face

77

New Visual Effects
in CSS3

78

New Visual Effects in CSS3
• border-radius
• opacity
• rgba color
• box-shadow
• text-shadow
• gradient

79

border-radius

80 http://oh-hai.biz

border-radius
• Tips & issues
– Different syntax for mozilla, webkit, and
opera browsers

• Browser Support
– IE lt 8 does not support, IE9 does

81

border-radius

Syntax comparison breakdown:
• -moz allows multiple values for each position
• -webkit individual values
82 • Standard is like mozilla

border-radius

#contentcolumn {
-moz-border-radius: 20px 20px 0 0;
-webkit-border-top-left-radius: 20px;
-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 20px;
border-radius: 20px 20px 0 0;
}

83

Tools: border-radius
http://border-radius.com

http://css3please.com

http://css3generator.com


85

border-radius Resources
http://www.delicious.com/denisejacobs/
border-radius

86

opacity

87 http://rustinjessen.com/weblog/833

opacity
• Tips & issues
– Do not use on elements that would cover
important content

• Browser Support
– IE lt 8 does not support
– There is a filter: opacity

88

opacity

#feature-meta {
background:none repeat scroll 0 0
#3C4C55;
opacity:0.85;
}

Override for children elements
div.opacity * {opacity: 1.0;}

89

Full solution: opacity
.opacity {
background-color: #3C4C55;
color: #fff;
opacity: 0.5;
-ms-filter:
"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha
(opacity=20)";
/* IE8 only */
filter:
progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Alpha
(opacity=20);
/* IE6, IE7, and IE8 */
filter: alpha(opacity=20);
}

90

Opacity Resources
opacity

91

rgba

92 http://aarronwalter.com/designer/

rgba
• Tips & issues
– More granular control of the color
opacity of a particular element than
opacity

• Browser Support
– There is an IE filter that will give
transparency with a color.

93

Cross-browser: rgba
• Place after regular rgb color property to
override in modern browsers; older
browsers will ignore it

• IE lt 8 bug: use the property background
instead of background-color for the
regular color

94

Full solution: rgba
.rgba {
background-color: #ff0000;
/* fallback color in hexidecimal. */
background-color: transparent; /* transparent
is key for the filter to work in IE8. best
done through conditional comments */
background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.3);
-ms-filter:
"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient
(startColorstr=#4CFF0000,
endColorstr=#4CFF0000)";
/* filter for IE8 */
filter:
progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(
startColorstr=#4CFF0000,
endColorstr=#4CFF0000);
/* filter for older IEs */
}
95

box-shadow

96 http://badassideas.com/work/

box-shadow
• Tips & issues
– Different syntax for mozilla, webkit, and
opera browsers

• Browser Support
– There is a filter for IE: shadow (actually
there are 2: shadow and dropshadow,
but shadow is said to be better)

97

box-shadow
.portfolio {
-moz-box-shadow: 0 5px 20px
rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 5px 20px
rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
}

98

Full solution: box-shadow
.boxshadow {
-moz-box-shadow: 3px 3px 10px #333;
-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 10px #333;
box-shadow: 3px 3px 10px #333;
/*standard*/
-ms-filter:
"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Shad
ow(Strength=4, Direction=135,
Color='#333333')";
/* For IE 8 */
filter:
progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Shado
w(Strength=4, Direction=135,
Color='#333333');
/* For IE 5.5 - 7 */
}
99

Tools: box-shadow



http://westciv.com/tools/
box-properties/index.html

100

Resources: box-shadow
box-shadow

101

text-shadow

102 http://www.bountybev.com

text-shadow
• Tips & issues
– Can help accentuate text and improve
readability and visual importance

• Browser Support
– IE lt 8 does not support, nor does IE9 :/
– could use the IE filter: shadow

103

Full solution: text-shadow
.textshadow h2 {
text-shadow:1px 1px 2px
rgba(48,80,82,0.8);
-ms-filter:
"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Shad
ow(Strength=2, Direction=135,
Color='#305052')";
/* For IE 8+ */
filter:
progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Shado
w(Strength=2, Direction=135,
Color='#305052');
/* For IE 5.5 - 7 */
}

104

Tools: text-shadow



http://westciv.com/tools/text-properties/

105

Resources: text-shadow
text-shadow

106

gradient

107 http://raymondjay.com/

gradient
• Tips & issues
– Very different syntax for mozilla and
webkit browsers

• Browser Support
– IE does not support, so will still need a
fallback image for those browsers

108

gradient
#mainnav li a {
background-color: #f7f6f4;
background-image: url(bg_navitems.gif);
background-image:
-moz-linear-gradient(100% 100% 90deg,
#ccc9ba, #ffffff);
background-image:
-webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 0%, 0%
100%, from(#ffffff), to(#ccc9ba));
}

109

gradient: Syntax breakdown

110

gradient: Full solution
.gradient {
color: #fff;
x-repeat; /*background color matches one of the
stop colors. The gradient_slice.jpg is 1px wide
*/
#07407c, #aaaaaa);
stop(1, #aaaaaa));
-ms-filter:
/* IE8+ */
filter:
progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(star
tColorStr='#07407c', EndColorStr='#aaaaaa');
/* IE7- */
}
111

Colorzilla gradient tool

112 http://www.colorzilla.com/gradient-editor/

Tools: gradient
http://www.colorzilla.com/gradient-editor/

http://www.westciv.com/tools/gradients/



113

Resources: gradient
gradient

114

Advanced Visual
Effects in CSS3

115

CSS3 for Advanced Visual Presentation

1. border-image
2. multiple background images
3. background-size
4. multiple text columns

116

border-image

117 http://www.spoongraphics.com/blog/

border-image
Borders can now be created using images
and sections thereof for enhanced visual
design.

• Tips & issues
– Documentation on best use is sparse
– No adequate fall-back techniques for graceful
degradation
– Vendor prefixes for Mozilla and webkit

• Browser support
118 – The IEs do not support

border-image

div.note div.border {
-moz-border-image:
url(/playground/awesome-overlays/border-
image.png) 5 5 5 5 stretch;
-webkit-border-image:
url(/playground/awesome-overlays/border-
image.png) 5 5 5 5 stretch;
border-image: url(/playground/awesome-
overlays/border-image.png) 5 5 5 5
stretch;
}

119

Resources: border-image
border-image

121

Multiple backgrounds

122 http://www.lostworldsfairs.com

• Tips & issues:
– The backgrounds are shown according to the
order listed, with the first background image
listed is the one “on top” and the rest stack
underneath it.
– Can use CSS3 gradients (which are like
background images) in conjunction with
multiple background images.

• Browser support:
– IE lt 8 does not support, but IE9 does
123

body {
background-color: #5ABBCF;
background: #5ABBCF url(../images/bokeh1.png) no-
repeat; /* fallback image */
background: url(../images/bokeh4.png) no-repeat,
url(../images/bokeh3.png) no-repeat 10% 0,
url(../images/bokeh1.png) no-repeat,
url(../images/glow.png) no-repeat 90% 0,
-moz-linear-gradient(0% 90% 90deg,#5ABBCF,
#95E0EF);
background:
url(../images/glow.png) no-repeat 90% 0,
-webkit-gradient(linear, 0% 0%, 0% 90%,
from(#95E0EF), to(#5ABBCF));
}
124

Resources: multiple backgrounds

multiplebackgrounds

125

background-size

126 http://www.alistapart.com/articles/supersize-that-background-please/

background-size
You can set the size of a background image and
make sure it covers the entire background of a
page, no matter what the size.

• Tips & Issues:
– Vendor prefixes for mozilla, webkit, and opera

• Browser support:

127

background-size: values
contain
Contain always fits the entire image within your
viewport, leaving opaque borders on either the
top-bottom or the left-right whenever the ratio of
the background image and browser window are
not the same.

cover
Cover always fills the browser window. You can
control how your image is aligned within the
viewport by using the background-position
property.
128

background-size
Example:
body { background: #000
url(myBackground_1280x960.jpg) center
center fixed no-repeat;
-moz-background-size: cover;
-webkit-background-size: cover;
-o-background-size: cover;
background-size: cover;
}

129

Resources: background-size
backgroundsize

• http://www.alistapart.com/articles/
supersize-that-background-please/

• http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-
background/#the-background-size

130

Multiple text columns

131 http://www.yaili.com

You can have one div containing a number of
paragraphs which can be displayed in columns,
with no float or height manipulations.

• Tips & Issues:
– Some of the properties are not widely
supported, and many of the related (like
dividers, breakers, etc.) haven’t been
implemented or aren’t supported yet either.

132

Example:
div.three-col {
-webkit-column-count: 3;
-webkit-column-gap: 15px;
-moz-column-count: 3;
-moz-column-gap: 15px;
column-count: 3;
column-gap: 15px;
}

133

Resources: multiple columns
multiplecolumns

134

2d Transformations
with CSS3

135

transform (2d)

136 http://www.zurb.com/playground/css3-polaroids/

transform
• Tips & issues
– Mozilla, Webkit, and Opera vendor
prefixes; no standard yet.

• Browser Support

137

2D Transformations
Different kinds of transforms:
• rotate
• scale
• skew
• translate
• matrix

138

transform/rotate: Syntax breakdown
The generic syntax for transform is
<-prefix->transform: type(<value>)
type(<value>) type(<value>)
type(<value>);

For rotate specifically, here is the syntax:
<-prefix->transform:
rotate(<value>)

Positive values will rotate the object clockwise to
the right, and negative values will rotate the
139 element counter-clockwise to the left.

transform: rotate

#photos img {
-webkit-transform: rotate(-2deg);
-moz-transform: rotate(-2deg);
-o-transform: rotate(-2deg);
}

140

transform/rotate: full solution
.rotate {
-moz-transform: rotate(-5deg);
-webkit-transform: rotate(-5deg);
-o-transform: rotate(-5deg);
transform: rotate(-5deg);
filter:
progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Matrix(sizing
Method='auto expand', M11=0.9961946980917455,
M12=0.08715574274765817, M21=-
0.08715574274765817, M22=0.9961946980917455);
-ms-filter:
"progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Matrix(M11=0
.9961946980917455, M12=0.08715574274765817,
M21=-0.08715574274765817,
M22=0.9961946980917455, sizingMethod='auto
expand')";
zoom: 1;
}

141

transform: multiple
You can apply multiple transform properties to one element.

Example:
.enlargen:hover {
-webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(2)
rotate(0);
-moz-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(2)
rotate(0);
-o-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(2)
rotate(0);
transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(2)
rotate(0);
}

142

Tools: transform
http://westciv.com/tools/transforms/



143

Resources: 2D transforms
transform

144

Animation with
CSS3

145

Animation
1. transitions
2. animation (the webkits only)

A Tip:
Be subtle – it’s more effective

146

transition

147 http://timvandamme.com/

transition
You can create subtle transitions between
hover states on elements. The transitions
smooth out visual jumps.

• Tips & issues
– Be sure to put the transition effect on the
correct element

148

transition
Example:
#id_of_element {
-webkit-transition: all 1s ease-in-out;
-moz-transition: all 1s ease-in-out;
-o-transition: all 1s ease-in-out;
transition: all 1s ease-in-out;
}

149

Animation

150 http://www.css3exp.com/moon/

Animation
You can create subtle animations in the
browser!

• Tips & issues:
– Plan out the animation sequence ahead of
time
– Be aware of style order in the CSS

151

Animation
div {
animation-name: diagonal-slide;
animation-duration: 5s;
animation-iteration-count: 10;
}

@keyframes diagonal-slide {
from { left: 0; top: 0; }
to { left: 100px; top: 100px; }
}

152

Resources: Animation
animation

153

Responsive Design
& @media queries

154 http://mediaqueri.es/

Responsive Devices

155 http://www.flickr.com/photos/ivyfield/4486938457/

@media queries
@media queries are now being used as a
basis for responsive web design: web
interfaces that change with the size (and
orientation) of the device.

156

How does it work?
Through media queries, the browser is served
different styles or stylesheets based on the
dimensions and the device.

The @media construct allows style sheet
rules for various media in the same style
sheet.

An @media rule specifies the target media
types (separated by commas) of a set of
statements (delimited by curly braces).
157

Responsive Design
• Tips & issues:
– Need to plan out 4 iterations of a page design
for each device and resolution instead of just
one
– Need to know dimensions of page elements to
be able to calculate proportional relationship

158

@media rule examples
@media print {
body { font-size: 10pt }
}

@media screen {
body { font-size: 13px }
}

@media screen, print {
body { line-height: 1.2 }
}
159

Syntax: @media queries
Syntax:
@media [operand] <media type> [operand]
<(media feature: value)>
{properties}

160

@media queries
Example:
/* Smartphones (portrait and landscape) -
---------- */
@media only screen
and (min-device-width : 320px)
and (max-device-width : 480px)
{
/* Styles */
}

161

Hardboiled’s @media queries: Smartphone
/* Smartphones (portrait and landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen
and (max-device-width : 480px) {
/* Styles */
}

/* Smartphones (landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen
and (min-width : 321px) {
/* Styles */
}

/* Smartphones (portrait) ----------- */
@media only screen
and (max-width : 320px) {
/* Styles */
}

162 http://stuffandnonsense.co.uk/blog/about/hardboiled_css3_media_queries/

Hardboiled’s @media queries: iPad
/* iPads (portrait and landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen
and (max-device-width : 1024px) {
/* Styles */
}

/* iPads (landscape) ----------- */
@media only screen
and (orientation : landscape) {
/* Styles */
}

/* iPads (portrait) ----------- */
@media only screen
and (orientation : portrait) {
/* Styles */
}

Hardboiled’s @media queries: Other
/* Desktops and laptops ----------- */
@media only screen
/* Styles */
}

/* Large screens ----------- */
@media only screen
/* Styles */
}

/* iPhone 4 ----------- */
@media
only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5),
only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio : 1.5) {
/* Styles */
}


Css3-mediaqueries.js

165 http://code.google.com/p/css3-mediaqueries-js/

Resources: @media queries
mediaqueries

166

CSS3 Selectors

167 http://www.flickr.com/photos/jamiecampbell/446301597/

CSS3 Selectors
Advanced selectors give us the power to
target elements that are not part of the
document tree and/or those that are
generated dynamically.

• Tips & issues
– There are a lot of options to choose from!
– Great to use for progressive enhancement
– Need to be aware of changes to specificity

168

CSS3 Selector Specification
• General sibling • Pseudo-classes
E~F – Target
• :target
• Attribute substrings
– a[attribute^="value"] – Negation
– a[attribute$="value"] • :not(s)
– a[attribute*="value"]
– State
• Pseudo-elements • :enabled
no new ones, all pseudo-
• :disabled
elements in CSS3
indicated with :: • :checked
• :indeterminate
169

CSS3 Selectors
– Structural
• :nth-child(n)
• :nth-last-child(n)
• :nth-of-type(n)
• :nth-last-of-type(n)
• :last-child
• :first-of-type
• :last-of-type
• :only-child
• :only-of-type
• :empty
170 • :root

CSS3 Selector Support

171 http://www.findmebyip.com/litmus

Nth child selector tester

172 http://leaverou.me/demos/nth.html

CSS3 Selector Helper Script

173 http://www.selectivizr.com

Tools: CSS3 Selectors
• http://www.quirksmode.org/
compatibility.html

• http://www.findmebyip.com/litmus

174

Resources: CSS3 Selectors
selectors+css3

• http://inspectelement.com/tutorials/a-
look-at-some-of-the-new-selectors-
introduced-in-css3/

• http://24ways.org/2009/
cleaner-code-with-css3-selectors

175

The End?

176 http://www.flickr.com/photos/ilike/3707503212/

This is just the beginning!
My Delicious links are HUGE compendia of all
things related to CSS3, updated as I find
new articles, resources and tools!

http://delicious.com/denisejacobs/css3

http://delicious.com/denisejacobs/
css3training

177

Books are not for
the old-fashioned…

178 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/New_York_State_Library_1900.jpg

CSS3, hot off the presses!

The Book of CSS3
179 by Peter Gasston

Project-based CSS3

Stunning CSS3
180 by Zoe Mikely Gillenwater

CSS3 Condensed and Explained

CSS3 For Web Designers
181 by Dan Cederholm

CSS3 and Media Queries

Hardboiled Web Design
182 by Andy Clarke

Responsive Design and solid CSS

Handcrafted CSS
183 by Dan Cederholm with Ethan Marcotte

A Compendium of Flexible Layouts

Flexible Web Design
184 by Zoe Mickley Gillenwater

Timeless CSS Solutions

CSS Mastery
185 by Andy Budd, et al

Proactive coding against bugs
and graceful degradation

CssDetectiveGuide.com
186

Thank You!
denisejacobs.com

denise@denisejacobs.com

twitter.com/denisejacobs

slideshare.net/denisejacobs

187

Intro to CSS3

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