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![Strings and Console Output
Assignment, Escaping Chars
"MONTY"[4]
caesar="Graham"
printcaesar
#Escapingcharacters
abc='Thisisn'tflying,thisisfallingwithstyle!'
printabc
"""
Thestring"PYTHON"hassixcharacters,
numbered0to5,asshownbelow:
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|P|Y|T|H|O|N|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5
Soifyouwanted"Y",youcouldjusttype
"PYTHON"[1](alwaysstartcountingfrom0!)
"""
fifth_letter="MONTY"[4]
printfifth_letter
#Y
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![Conditionals and Control Flow
PygLatin (Python Pig Latin)
You move the first letter of the word to the end and then append the suffix
'ay'. Example: python->ythonpay
pyg='ay'
original=raw_input('Enteraword:')
iflen(original)>0andoriginal.isalpha():
word=original.lower()
first=word[0]
new_word=word+first+pyg
new_word=new_word[1:len(new_word)]
printnew_word
else:
print'empty'
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![Lists and Dictionaries
List : Array
Dictionary : Asc. Array (notation {} -> object in JS)
List
#list_name=[item_1,item_2],empty[]
zoo_animals=["pangolin","cassowary","sloth","gajah"];
iflen(zoo_animals)>3:
print"Thefirstanimalatthezooisthe"+zoo_animals[0]
print"Thesecondanimalatthezooisthe"+zoo_animals[1]
print"Thethirdanimalatthezooisthe"+zoo_animals[2]
print"Thefourthanimalatthezooisthe"+zoo_animals[3]
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![Lists and Dictionaries
List
Methods: append, len
suitcase=[]
suitcase.append("sunglasses")
#Yourcodehere!
suitcase.append('a')
suitcase.append('b')
suitcase.append('c')
list_length=len(suitcase)#Setthistothelengthofsuitcase
print"Thereare%ditemsinthesuitcase."%(list_length)
printsuitcase
"""
Thereare4itemsinthesuitcase.
['sunglasses','a','b','c']
"""
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![Lists and Dictionaries
List
Slicing: [index_inclusive:index_exclusive]
suitcase=["sunglasses","hat","passport","laptop","suit","shoes"]
first =suitcase[0:2] #Thefirstandseconditems(indexzeroandone)
middle=suitcase[2:4] #Thirdandfourthitems(indextwoandthree)
last =suitcase[4:6] #Thelasttwoitems(indexfourandfive)
#<6bukan<=6
#Westartattheindexbeforethecolonandcontinueuptobutnotincludingtheindexafterthecolon.
#---
animals="catdogfrog"
cat =animals[:3] #Thefirstthreecharactersofanimals
dog =animals[3:6] #Thefourththroughsixthcharacters
frog=animals[6:] #Fromtheseventhcharactertotheend
#tanpastart/end
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![Lists and Dictionaries
List
Methods: index, insert
animals=["aardvark","badger","duck","emu","fennecfox"]
duck_index=animals.index("duck") #Useindex()tofind"duck"
#Yourcodehere!
animals.insert(duck_index,"cobra")
printanimals#Observewhatprintsaftertheinsertoperation
#['aardvark','badger','cobra','duck','emu','fennecfox']
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![Lists and Dictionaries
List
forelementinthe_list
.sort()
#1
my_list=[1,9,3,8,5,7]
fornumberinmy_list:print2*number
#2
#.sort
start_list=[5,3,1,2,4]
square_list=[]
fornuminstart_list:
square_list.append(num**2)
square_list.sort()
printsquare_list
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![Lists and Dictionaries
Dict
Key : Value Pair
#dictionarykeyvaluenotasiobject{}
residents={'Puffin':104,'Sloth':105,'BurmesePython':106}
printresidents['Puffin']#PrintsPuffin'sroomnumber
#Yourcodehere!
printresidents['Sloth']
printresidents['BurmesePython']
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![Lists and Dictionaries
Dict
#---
menu={}#Emptydictionary
menu['ChickenAlfredo']=14.50#Addingnewkey-valuepair
printmenu['ChickenAlfredo']
#append
menu['karedok']=2.2
menu['lotek']=2.3
menu['rujak']=3.3
print"Thereare"+str(len(menu))+"itemsonthemenu."
printmenu
"""
14.5
Thereare4itemsonthemenu.
{'lotek':2.3,'ChickenAlfredo':14.5,'karedok':2.2,'rujak':3.3}
"""
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![Lists and Dictionaries
Dict
A dictionary (or list) declaration may break across multiple lines
del
#key-animal_name:value-location
zoo_animals={'Unicorn':'CottonCandyHouse',
'Sloth':'RainforestExhibit',
'BengalTiger':'JungleHouse',
'AtlanticPuffin':'ArcticExhibit',
'RockhopperPenguin':'ArcticExhibit'}
#Removingthe'Unicorn'entry.(Unicornsareincrediblyexpensive.)
delzoo_animals['Unicorn']
delzoo_animals['Sloth']
delzoo_animals['BengalTiger']
zoo_animals['RockhopperPenguin']='ArcticExhibitMod'
printzoo_animals
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![Lists and Dictionaries
List & Dict
remove
Complex Dict
#remove
backpack=['xylophone','dagger','tent','breadloaf']
backpack.remove("dagger")
#---
inventory={
'gold':500,
'pouch':['flint','twine','gemstone'],#Assignedanewlistto'pouch'key
'backpack':['xylophone','dagger','bedroll','breadloaf']
}
#Addingakey'burlapbag'andassigningalisttoit
inventory['burlapbag']=['apple','smallruby','three-toedsloth']
#Sortingthelistfoundunderthekey'pouch'
inventory['pouch'].sort()
inventory['pocket']=['seashell','strangeberry','lint']
inventory['backpack'].sort()
inventory['backpack'].remove('dagger')
inventory['gold']+=50
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![Lists and Dictionaries
A Day at the Supermarket
names=["Adam","Alex","Mariah","Martine","Columbus"]
foriteminnames:printitem
#---
#indentfirstelementdalamdictdalam{},sptdibhslain
webster={
"Aardvark":"Astarofapopularchildren'scartoonshow.",
"Baa":"Thesoundagoatmakes.",
"Carpet":"Goesonthefloor.",
"Dab":"Asmallamount."
}
forkeyinwebster:
printwebster[key]
Note that dictionaries are unordered, meaning that any time you loop
through a dictionary, you will go through every key, but you are not
guaranteed to get them in any particular order.
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![Lists and Dictionaries
A Day at the Supermarket
a=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]
fornumberina:
ifnumber%2==0:printnumber
#---
defcount_small(numbers):
total=0
forninnumbers:
ifn<10:total=total+1
returntotal
lost=[4,8,15,16,23,42]
small=count_small(lost)
printsmall
#---
deffizz_count(x):
count=0
foriteminx:
ifitem=='fizz':count+=1
returncount
fizz_count(["fizz","cat","fizz"])
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![Lists and Dictionaries
A Day at the Supermarket
prices={
"banana":4,
"apple":2,
"orange":1.5,
"pear":3
}
stock={
"banana":6,
"apple":0,
"orange":32,
"pear":15
}
forkeyinstock:
printkey
print"price:%s"%prices[key]
print"stock:%s"%stock[key]
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![Lists and Dictionaries
A Day at the Supermarket
#take2
prices={
"banana":4, "apple" :2,
"orange":1.5,"pear" :3,
}
stock={
"banana":6, "apple" :0,
"orange":32, "pear" :15,
}
forkeyinprices:
printkey
print"price:%s"%prices[key]
print"stock:%s"%stock[key]
total=0
forkeyinprices:
printprices[key]*stock[key]
total+=prices[key]*stock[key]
printtotal
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![Lists and Dictionaries
A Day at the Supermarket
#take3
shopping_list=["banana","orange","apple"]
stock={
"banana":6, "apple":0,
"orange":32, "pear":15
}
prices={
"banana":4, "apple":2,
"orange":1.5,"pear":3
}
defcompute_bill(food):
total=0
foriteminfood:
ifstock[item]>0:
total+=prices[item]
stock[item]-=1
returntotal
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![Student Becomes the Teacher
List of Dicts
lloyd={
"name":"Lloyd",
"homework":[90.0,97.0,75.0,92.0],
"quizzes":[88.0,40.0,94.0],
"tests":[75.0,90.0]
}
alice={
"name":"Alice","homework":[100.0,92.0,98.0,100.0],
"quizzes":[82.0,83.0,91.0],"tests":[89.0,97.0]
}
tyler={
"name":"Tyler","homework":[0.0,87.0,75.0,22.0],
"quizzes":[0.0,75.0,78.0],"tests":[100.0,100.0]
}
students=[lloyd,alice,tyler]
forstudentinstudents:
printstudent['name']
printstudent['homework']
printstudent['quizzes']
printstudent['tests']
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![Student Becomes the Teacher
lloyd={"name":"Lloyd","homework":[90.0,97.0,75.0,92.0],
"quizzes":[88.0,40.0,94.0],"tests":[75.0,90.0]}
alice={"name":"Alice","homework":[100.0,92.0,98.0,100.0],
"quizzes":[82.0,83.0,91.0],"tests":[89.0,97.0]}
tyler={"name":"Tyler","homework":[0.0,87.0,75.0,22.0],
"quizzes":[0.0,75.0,78.0],"tests":[100.0,100.0]}
#---
defaverage(numbers):
total=sum(numbers)
total=float(total)
returntotal/len(numbers)
defget_average(student):
homework=average(student['homework'])
quizzes=average(student['quizzes'])
tests=average(student['tests'])
return0.1*homework+0.3*quizzes+0.6*tests
defget_letter_grade(score):
ifscore>=90:return"A"
elifscore>=80:return"B"
elifscore>=70:return"C"
elifscore>=60:return"D"
else:return"F"
defget_class_average(students):
results=[]
forstudentinstudents:results.append(get_average(student))
returnaverage(results)
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![Student Becomes the Teacher
average(A-List)returns float
get_average(A-Dict)returns float--> better get_numeric_grade()
get_letter_grade(num)returns string
get_class_average(List-of-Dicts)returns float
#---
students=[lloyd,alice,tyler]
printget_class_average(students)
printget_letter_grade(get_class_average(students))
#---
#classaverage=get_class_average([lloyd,alice,tyler])
#printget_letter_grade(get_average(lloyd))
#---
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![Lists and Functions
Access to List
Method: .append(), .pop(), .remove()
Function: del
n=[1,3,5]
#Doyourmultiplicationhere
n[1]*=5
n.append(4)
printn
#[1,15,5,4]
n=[1,3,5]
#Removethefirstiteminthelisthere
n.pop(0)
#ataudel(n[0])
#n.remove(1)value1,bukanindex
#popnge-returnvalue,delvoid
printn
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![Lists and Functions
#1
n="Hello"
defstring_function(s):
returns+'world'
printstring_function(n)
#2
deflist_function(x):
x[1]+=3
returnx
n=[3,5,7]
printlist_function(n)
#3
n=[3,5,7]
deflist_extender(lst):
lst.append(9);
returnlst
printlist_extender(n)
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![Lists and Functions
#1range
n=[3,5,7]
defprint_list(x):
foriinrange(0,len(x)):
printx[i]
print_list(n)
#eachline:357
#2
n=[3,5,7]
defdouble_list(x):
foriinrange(0,len(x)):
x[i]=x[i]*2
returnx
printdouble_list(n)
#[6,10,14]
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![Lists and Functions
#3
range(6)#=>[0,1,2,3,4,5]
range(1,6)#=>[1,2,3,4,5]
range(1,6,3)#=>[1,4]
#range(stop)
#range(start,stop)
#range(start,stop,step)
defmy_function(x):
foriinrange(0,len(x)):
x[i]=x[i]*2
returnx
printmy_function(range(3))#[0,1,2]
#[0,2,4]
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![Lists and Functions
#1
n=[3,5,7]
deftotal(numbers):
result=0
fornuminnumbers:#foriinrange(len(numbers)):
result+=num #result+=numbers[i]
returnresult
#2
n=["Michael","Lieberman"]
defjoin_strings(words):
result=""
foriteminwords:
result+=item
returnresult
printjoin_strings(n)
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![Lists and Functions
#3operator+agakbedadipythonbuatlist
m=[1,2,3]
n=[4,5,6]
defjoin_lists(x,y):returnx+y
printjoin_lists(m,n)
#[1,2,3,4,5,6]
#4ListofLists
n=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6,7,8,9]]
defflatten(lists):
results=[]
fornumbersinlists:
fornuminnumbers:results.append(num)
returnresults
printflatten(n)
#[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
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![Lists and Functions
Battleship!
In this project you will build a simplified, one-player version of the classic
board game Battleship! In this version of the game, there will be a single ship
hidden in a random location on a 5x5 grid. The player will have 10 guesses to
try to sink the ship.
#tambahelemenberulangpdlist
board=[]
foriinrange(5):
board.append(["O"]*5)#["O","O","O","O","O"]
printboard#[[],..,[]]
#print1rowelemen,1baris
board=[]
foriinrange(5):
board.append(["O"]*5)#["O","O","O","O","O"]
defprint_board(board):
forrowinboard:printrow
print_board(board)
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![Lists and Functions
Battleship! (1)
#.joinmethodusesthestringtocombinetheitemsinthelist.
fromrandomimportrandint
board=[]
forxinrange(5):board.append(["O"]*5)
defprint_board(board):
forrowinboard:print"".join(row)
print"Let'splayBattleship!"
print_board(board)
#---
defrandom_row(board):returnrandint(0,len(board)-1)
defrandom_col(board):returnrandint(0,len(board[0])-1)
ship_row=random_row(board)
ship_col=random_col(board)
#printship_row
#printship_col
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![Lists and Functions
Battleship! (2)
#Multilineifcondition,guess_rownotinrange(5)
forturninrange(4):
print"Turn",turn+1
guess_row=int(raw_input("GuessRow:"))
guess_col=int(raw_input("GuessCol:"))
ifguess_row==ship_rowandguess_col==ship_col:
print"Congratulations!Yousankmybattleship!"
break
else:
if(guess_row<0orguess_row>4)or
(guess_col<0or guess_col>4):
print"Oops,that'snotevenintheocean."
elif(board[guess_row][guess_col]=="X"):
print"Youguessedthatonealready."
else:
print"Youmissedmybattleship!"
board[guess_row][guess_col]="X"
print_board(board)
ifturn==3:
print"GameOver"
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![Loops
forin
#1
hobbies=[]
#Addyourcodebelow!
foriinrange(3):
hobby=str(raw_input("Yourhobby:"))
hobbies.append(hobby);
#---
#2
thing="spam!"
forcinthing:printc
word="eggs!"
forcinword:printc
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![Loops
forin
Looping over a Dictionary
#3
phrase="Abirdinthehand..."
forcharinphrase:
ifchar=="A"orchar=="a":
print"X",
else:
printchar,
print
#The,characterafterourprintstatementmeansthat
#ournextprintstatementkeepsprintingonthesameline.
#plus1space
#---
#4Loopingoveradictionary
d={'a':'apple','b':'berry','c':'cherry'}
forkeyind:
printkey+""+d[key]
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![Loops
forindex,iteminenumerate(list)
fora,binzip(list_a,list_b)
#5
choices=['pizza','pasta','salad','nachos']
print'Yourchoicesare:'
forindex,iteminenumerate(choices):
printindex+1,item
#---
#6
list_a=[3,9,17,15,19]
list_b=[2,4,8,10,30,40,50,60,70,80,90]
fora,binzip(list_a,list_b):
#Addyourcodehere!
ifa>b:
printa
else:
printb
#zipwillcreatepairsofelementswhenpassedtwolists,
#andwillstopattheendoftheshorterlist.
#zipcanhandlethreeormorelistsaswell!
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![Loops
for, else
#7
fruits=['banana','apple','orange','tomato','pear','grape']
print'Youhave...'
forfinfruits:
iff=='tomato':
print'Atomatoisnotafruit!'#(Itactuallyis.)
break
print'A',f
else:
print'Afineselectionoffruits!'
#sptelsewhile,klbreaktidakdirun,klexitnormalyes
#---
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![Loops
for, else
#8
fruits=['banana','apple','orange','tomato','pear','grape']
print'Youhave...'
forfinfruits:
iff=='tomato1':#klmatch,executed;elsenever
print'Atomatoisnotafruit!'
break
print'A',f
else:
print'Afineselectionoffruits!'
#---
#9
thelist=['a','b','c']
foriinthelist:
printi
else:
print'completed!'
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![Loops
Practice Makes Perfect
#5
defis_prime(x):
ifx<2:returnFalse
forninrange(x-2):
ifx%(n+2)==0:returnFalse
returnTrue
printis_prime(9)
printis_prime(11)
#---
#6
defreverse(text):
varlength=len(text)
textrev=""
foriinrange(varlength):textrev+=text[varlength-1-i]
returntextrev
printreverse('abc@def')
#Youmaynotusereversedor[::-1]tohelpyouwiththis.
#---
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![Loops
Practice Makes Perfect
#7
defanti_vowel(text):
rettext=""
forcintext:
clower=c.lower()
ifclower!='a'andclower!='e'andclower!='i'andclower!='o'and
clower!='u':rettext+=c
returnrettext
printanti_vowel("HeyYou!")
#---
score={"a":1,"c":3,"b":3,"e":1,"d":2,"g":2,"f":4,"i":1,"h":4,"k":5,"j":8,"m":3,"l"
defscrabble_score(word):
wordlower=word.lower()
retscore=0
forcinwordlower:
forkeyinscore:
ifkey==c:
retscore+=score[key]
break
returnretscore
printscrabble_score("Helix")
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![Loops
Practice Makes Perfect
#8
defcensor(text,word):
textlist=text.split()
textlist_new=[]
foritemintextlist:
ifitem!=word:
textlist_new.append(item)
else:
textlist_new.append("*"*len(item))
return"".join(textlist_new)
printcensor("thishackiswackhack","hack")
#---
#9
defcount(sequence,item):
varcount=0
foriinsequence:
ifi==item:varcount+=1
returnvarcount
printcount([1,2,1,1],1)
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![Loops
Practice Makes Perfect
#10
defpurify(numbers):
retnumbers=[]
fornuminnumbers:
ifnum%2==0:retnumbers.append(num)
returnretnumbers
printpurify([1,2,3])
#---
#11
defproduct(numlist):
res=1
fornuminnumlist:res*=num
returnres
printproduct([4,5,5])
78 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/85/Python-An-Introduction-78-320.jpg)
![Loops
Practice Makes Perfect
#12
defremove_duplicates(varlist):
newlist=[]
forvarinvarlist:
ifvarnotinnewlist:newlist.append(var)
returnnewlist
printremove_duplicates([1,1,2,2])
#---
#13sorted()
#Themedianisthemiddlenumberinasortedsequenceofnumbers.Ifyouaregivenasequencewith
#anevennumberofelements,youmustaveragethetwoelementssurroundingthemiddle.
#sorted([5,2,3,1,4])-->[1,2,3,4,5]
defmedian(varlist):
sortedlist=sorted(varlist)
length=len(varlist)
iflength%2==1:
returnsortedlist[((length+1)/2-1)]
else:
return(sortedlist[length/2-1]+sortedlist[length/2])/2.0
printmedian([1,1,2]) #1
printmedian([7,3,1,4])#3.5
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![Exam Statistics
(1)
grades=[100,100,90,40,80,100,85,70,90,65,90,85,50.5]
defprint_grades(grades):
forgradeingrades:printgrade
defgrades_sum(scores):
total=0
forscoreinscores:total+=score
returntotal
defgrades_average(grades):
returngrades_sum(grades)/float(len(grades))
print_grades(grades)
printgrades_sum(grades)
printgrades_average(grades)
80 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/85/Python-An-Introduction-80-320.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
List Comprehensions
my_dict={
"Name":"Otong",
"Age":23,
"Title":"Dr"
}
printmy_dict.items() #[('Age',23),('Name','Otong'),('Title','Dr')]
printmy_dict.keys() #['Age','Name','Title']
printmy_dict.values()#[23,'Otong','Dr']
forkeyinmy_dict:printkey,my_dict[key]
#Age23
#NameOtong
#TitleDr
#Youshoulduseprinta,bratherthanprinta+""+b
What if we wanted to generate a list according to some logic—for example, a
list of all the even numbers from 0 to 50? List comprehensions are a
powerful way to generate lists using the for/in and if keywords
83 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/85/Python-An-Introduction-83-320.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
List Comprehensions
#1
evens_to_50=[iforiinrange(51)ifi%2==0]
printevens_to_50
#[0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40,42,44,46,48,50]
#---------------------------------------------------------
#2
new_list=[xforxinrange(1,6)] #=>[1,2,3,4,5]
doubles=[x*2forxinrange(1,6)] #=>[2,4,6,8,10]
doubles_by_3=[x*2forxinrange(1,6)if(x*2)%3==0]#=>[6]
#---------------------------------------------------------
#3
doubles_by_3=[x*2forxinrange(1,6)if(x*2)%3==0]
even_squares=[x**2forxinrange(1,12)ifx%2==0]
printeven_squares#[4,16,36,64,100]
#---------------------------------------------------------
84 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/85/Python-An-Introduction-84-320.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
List Comprehensions
#4
c=['C'forxinrange(5)ifx<3]
printc#['C','C','C']
#---------------------------------------------------------
#5
cubes_by_four=[x**3forxinrange(1,11)if(x**3)%4==0]
printcubes_by_four#[8,64,216,512,1000]
#---------------------------------------------------------
#6
l=[i**2foriinrange(1,11)] #Shouldbe[1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100]
printl[2:9:2]#[9,25,49,81]--2belakang,1diloncat
#listslicing
#[start:end:stride]
#Wherestartdescribeswheretheslicestarts(inclusive),endiswhereitends(exclusive),
#andstridedescribesthespacebetweenitemsintheslicedlist.Forexample,astrideof2
#wouldselecteveryotheritemfromtheoriginallisttoplaceintheslicedlist.
#start&end-->index
85 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/85/Python-An-Introduction-85-320.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
List Comprehensions
#7
to_five=['A','B','C','D','E']
printto_five[3:] #['D','E']
printto_five[:2] #['A','B']
printto_five[::2]#['A','C','E']
"""
Thedefaultstartingindexis0.
Thedefaultendingindexistheendofthelist.
Thedefaultstrideis1.
"""
#---------------------------------------------------------
#8
my_list=range(1,11)#Listofnumbers1-10
printmy_list[::2]#[1,3,5,7,9]
#---------------------------------------------------------
86 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/85/Python-An-Introduction-86-320.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
List Comprehensions
#9
letters=['A','B','C','D','E']
printletters[::-1]#['E','D','C','B','A']righttoleft
#---------------------------------------------------------
#10
my_list=range(1,11)
backwards=my_list[::-1]
#---------------------------------------------------------
#11
to_one_hundred=range(101)
backwards_by_tens=to_one_hundred[::-10]
printbackwards_by_tens#[100,90,80,70,60,50,40,30,20,10,0]
#---------------------------------------------------------
#12
to_21=range(1,22)
odds=to_21[::2]
middle_third=to_21[7:14]
87 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/85/Python-An-Introduction-87-320.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
Lambda - Anonymous Function
Functional programming : means that you're allowed to pass functions around
just as if they were variables or values. The function the lambda creates is an
anonymous function. Lambdas are useful when you need a quick function to
do some work for you.
When we pass the lambda to filter, filter uses the lambda to determine what
to filter, and the second argument (my_list, which is just the numbers 0 – 15) is
the list it does the filtering on.
#ekivalen
lambdax:x%3==0
defby_three(x):returnx%3==0
#---------------------------------------------------------
#filter
my_list=range(16)
printfilter(lambdax:x%3==0,my_list)
#ygbsdibagi3->[0,3,6,9,12,15]
#---------------------------------------------------------
88 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/85/Python-An-Introduction-88-320.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
Lambda - Anonymous Function
languages=["HTML","JavaScript","Python","Ruby"]
printfilter(lambdax:x=="Python",languages)#['Python']
#---------------------------------------------------------
cubes=[x**3forxinrange(1,11)]
printfilter(lambdax:x%3==0,cubes)
#---------------------------------------------------------
squares=[x**2forxinrange(1,11)]
printfilter(lambdax:x>30andx<=70,squares)#[36,49,64]
#---------------------------------------------------------
89 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/85/Python-An-Introduction-89-320.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
Recap
#Dictionary
movies={
"MontyPythonandtheHolyGrail":"Great",
"MontyPython'sLifeofBrian":"Good",
"MontyPython'sMeaningofLife":"Okay"
}
printmovies.items()
#forkeyinmovies:printkey,my_dict[key]
#---------------------------------------------------------
#ComprehendingComprehensions
squares=[x**2forxinrange(5)]
threes_and_fives=[xforxinrange(1,16)ifx%3==0orx%5==0]
90 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/85/Python-An-Introduction-90-320.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
Recap
#ListSlicing
str="ABCDEFGHIJ"
#str[start:end:stride]->start,end,stride=1,6,2
#---------------------------------------------------------
garbled="!XeXgXaXsXsXeXmXXtXeXrXcXeXsXXeXhXtXXmXaXXI"
rev_garbled=garbled[::-1]
message=rev_garbled[::2]
printmessage
#---------------------------------------------------------
#Lambda
my_list=range(16)
printfilter(lambdax:x%3==0,my_list)
garbled="IXXXaXXmXaXXXnXoXXXXXtXhXeXXXXrXsXXXXeXcXXXrXeXtmXXeXsXXXsXaXXXXXXgXeX!XX"
message=filter(lambdax:x!='X',garbled)
printmessage
91 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/85/Python-An-Introduction-91-320.jpg)
![Introduction to Classes
Class Scope
classShoppingCart(object):
"""Createsshoppingcartobjects
forusersofourfinewebsite."""
items_in_cart={}
def__init__(self,customer_name):
self.customer_name=customer_name
defadd_item(self,product,price):
"""Addproducttothecart."""
ifnotproductinself.items_in_cart:
self.items_in_cart[product]=price
printproduct+"added."
else:
printproduct+"isalreadyinthecart."
defremove_item(self,product):
"""Removeproductfromthecart."""
ifproductinself.items_in_cart:
delself.items_in_cart[product]
printproduct+"removed."
else:
printproduct+"isnotinthecart."
104 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/85/Python-An-Introduction-104-320.jpg)
![File Input and Output
Built-in io functions
Write
#Generatesalistofsquaresofthenumbers1-10
my_list=[i**2foriinrange(1,11)]
f=open("output.txt","w")
foriteminmy_list:f.write(str(item)+"n")
f.close()
#ThistoldPythontoopenoutput.txtin"w"mode("w"standsfor"write").
#Westoredtheresultofthisoperationinafileobject,f.
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![File Input and Output
Write
my_list=[i**2foriinrange(1,11)]
my_file=open("output.txt","r+")
foriinmy_list:my_file.write(str(i)+"n")
my_file.close()
#"r+"asasecondargumenttothefunctionsothe
#filewillallowyoutoreadandwrite
117 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/85/Python-An-Introduction-117-320.jpg)
![Strings and Console Output
Assignment, Escaping Chars
"MONTY"[4]
caesar="Graham"
printcaesar
#Escapingcharacters
abc='Thisisn'tflying,thisisfallingwithstyle!'
printabc
"""
Thestring"PYTHON"hassixcharacters,
numbered0to5,asshownbelow:
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|P|Y|T|H|O|N|
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5
Soifyouwanted"Y",youcouldjusttype
"PYTHON"[1](alwaysstartcountingfrom0!)
"""
fifth_letter="MONTY"[4]
printfifth_letter
#Y
10 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-10-2048.jpg)
![Conditionals and Control Flow
PygLatin (Python Pig Latin)
You move the first letter of the word to the end and then append the suffix
'ay'. Example: python->ythonpay
pyg='ay'
original=raw_input('Enteraword:')
iflen(original)>0andoriginal.isalpha():
word=original.lower()
first=word[0]
new_word=word+first+pyg
new_word=new_word[1:len(new_word)]
printnew_word
else:
print'empty'
23 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-23-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Dictionaries
List : Array
Dictionary : Asc. Array (notation {} -> object in JS)
List
#list_name=[item_1,item_2],empty[]
zoo_animals=["pangolin","cassowary","sloth","gajah"];
iflen(zoo_animals)>3:
print"Thefirstanimalatthezooisthe"+zoo_animals[0]
print"Thesecondanimalatthezooisthe"+zoo_animals[1]
print"Thethirdanimalatthezooisthe"+zoo_animals[2]
print"Thefourthanimalatthezooisthe"+zoo_animals[3]
34 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-34-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Dictionaries
List
Methods: append, len
suitcase=[]
suitcase.append("sunglasses")
#Yourcodehere!
suitcase.append('a')
suitcase.append('b')
suitcase.append('c')
list_length=len(suitcase)#Setthistothelengthofsuitcase
print"Thereare%ditemsinthesuitcase."%(list_length)
printsuitcase
"""
Thereare4itemsinthesuitcase.
['sunglasses','a','b','c']
"""
35 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-35-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Dictionaries
List
Slicing: [index_inclusive:index_exclusive]
suitcase=["sunglasses","hat","passport","laptop","suit","shoes"]
first =suitcase[0:2] #Thefirstandseconditems(indexzeroandone)
middle=suitcase[2:4] #Thirdandfourthitems(indextwoandthree)
last =suitcase[4:6] #Thelasttwoitems(indexfourandfive)
#<6bukan<=6
#Westartattheindexbeforethecolonandcontinueuptobutnotincludingtheindexafterthecolon.
#---
animals="catdogfrog"
cat =animals[:3] #Thefirstthreecharactersofanimals
dog =animals[3:6] #Thefourththroughsixthcharacters
frog=animals[6:] #Fromtheseventhcharactertotheend
#tanpastart/end
36 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-36-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Dictionaries
List
Methods: index, insert
animals=["aardvark","badger","duck","emu","fennecfox"]
duck_index=animals.index("duck") #Useindex()tofind"duck"
#Yourcodehere!
animals.insert(duck_index,"cobra")
printanimals#Observewhatprintsaftertheinsertoperation
#['aardvark','badger','cobra','duck','emu','fennecfox']
37 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-37-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Dictionaries
List
forelementinthe_list
.sort()
#1
my_list=[1,9,3,8,5,7]
fornumberinmy_list:print2*number
#2
#.sort
start_list=[5,3,1,2,4]
square_list=[]
fornuminstart_list:
square_list.append(num**2)
square_list.sort()
printsquare_list
38 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-38-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Dictionaries
Dict
Key : Value Pair
#dictionarykeyvaluenotasiobject{}
residents={'Puffin':104,'Sloth':105,'BurmesePython':106}
printresidents['Puffin']#PrintsPuffin'sroomnumber
#Yourcodehere!
printresidents['Sloth']
printresidents['BurmesePython']
39 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-39-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Dictionaries
Dict
#---
menu={}#Emptydictionary
menu['ChickenAlfredo']=14.50#Addingnewkey-valuepair
printmenu['ChickenAlfredo']
#append
menu['karedok']=2.2
menu['lotek']=2.3
menu['rujak']=3.3
print"Thereare"+str(len(menu))+"itemsonthemenu."
printmenu
"""
14.5
Thereare4itemsonthemenu.
{'lotek':2.3,'ChickenAlfredo':14.5,'karedok':2.2,'rujak':3.3}
"""
40 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-40-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Dictionaries
Dict
A dictionary (or list) declaration may break across multiple lines
del
#key-animal_name:value-location
zoo_animals={'Unicorn':'CottonCandyHouse',
'Sloth':'RainforestExhibit',
'BengalTiger':'JungleHouse',
'AtlanticPuffin':'ArcticExhibit',
'RockhopperPenguin':'ArcticExhibit'}
#Removingthe'Unicorn'entry.(Unicornsareincrediblyexpensive.)
delzoo_animals['Unicorn']
delzoo_animals['Sloth']
delzoo_animals['BengalTiger']
zoo_animals['RockhopperPenguin']='ArcticExhibitMod'
printzoo_animals
41 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-41-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Dictionaries
List & Dict
remove
Complex Dict
#remove
backpack=['xylophone','dagger','tent','breadloaf']
backpack.remove("dagger")
#---
inventory={
'gold':500,
'pouch':['flint','twine','gemstone'],#Assignedanewlistto'pouch'key
'backpack':['xylophone','dagger','bedroll','breadloaf']
}
#Addingakey'burlapbag'andassigningalisttoit
inventory['burlapbag']=['apple','smallruby','three-toedsloth']
#Sortingthelistfoundunderthekey'pouch'
inventory['pouch'].sort()
inventory['pocket']=['seashell','strangeberry','lint']
inventory['backpack'].sort()
inventory['backpack'].remove('dagger')
inventory['gold']+=50
42 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-42-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Dictionaries
A Day at the Supermarket
names=["Adam","Alex","Mariah","Martine","Columbus"]
foriteminnames:printitem
#---
#indentfirstelementdalamdictdalam{},sptdibhslain
webster={
"Aardvark":"Astarofapopularchildren'scartoonshow.",
"Baa":"Thesoundagoatmakes.",
"Carpet":"Goesonthefloor.",
"Dab":"Asmallamount."
}
forkeyinwebster:
printwebster[key]
Note that dictionaries are unordered, meaning that any time you loop
through a dictionary, you will go through every key, but you are not
guaranteed to get them in any particular order.
43 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-43-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Dictionaries
A Day at the Supermarket
a=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]
fornumberina:
ifnumber%2==0:printnumber
#---
defcount_small(numbers):
total=0
forninnumbers:
ifn<10:total=total+1
returntotal
lost=[4,8,15,16,23,42]
small=count_small(lost)
printsmall
#---
deffizz_count(x):
count=0
foriteminx:
ifitem=='fizz':count+=1
returncount
fizz_count(["fizz","cat","fizz"])
44 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-44-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Dictionaries
A Day at the Supermarket
prices={
"banana":4,
"apple":2,
"orange":1.5,
"pear":3
}
stock={
"banana":6,
"apple":0,
"orange":32,
"pear":15
}
forkeyinstock:
printkey
print"price:%s"%prices[key]
print"stock:%s"%stock[key]
46 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-46-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Dictionaries
A Day at the Supermarket
#take2
prices={
"banana":4, "apple" :2,
"orange":1.5,"pear" :3,
}
stock={
"banana":6, "apple" :0,
"orange":32, "pear" :15,
}
forkeyinprices:
printkey
print"price:%s"%prices[key]
print"stock:%s"%stock[key]
total=0
forkeyinprices:
printprices[key]*stock[key]
total+=prices[key]*stock[key]
printtotal
47 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-47-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Dictionaries
A Day at the Supermarket
#take3
shopping_list=["banana","orange","apple"]
stock={
"banana":6, "apple":0,
"orange":32, "pear":15
}
prices={
"banana":4, "apple":2,
"orange":1.5,"pear":3
}
defcompute_bill(food):
total=0
foriteminfood:
ifstock[item]>0:
total+=prices[item]
stock[item]-=1
returntotal
48 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-48-2048.jpg)
![Student Becomes the Teacher
List of Dicts
lloyd={
"name":"Lloyd",
"homework":[90.0,97.0,75.0,92.0],
"quizzes":[88.0,40.0,94.0],
"tests":[75.0,90.0]
}
alice={
"name":"Alice","homework":[100.0,92.0,98.0,100.0],
"quizzes":[82.0,83.0,91.0],"tests":[89.0,97.0]
}
tyler={
"name":"Tyler","homework":[0.0,87.0,75.0,22.0],
"quizzes":[0.0,75.0,78.0],"tests":[100.0,100.0]
}
students=[lloyd,alice,tyler]
forstudentinstudents:
printstudent['name']
printstudent['homework']
printstudent['quizzes']
printstudent['tests']
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![Student Becomes the Teacher
lloyd={"name":"Lloyd","homework":[90.0,97.0,75.0,92.0],
"quizzes":[88.0,40.0,94.0],"tests":[75.0,90.0]}
alice={"name":"Alice","homework":[100.0,92.0,98.0,100.0],
"quizzes":[82.0,83.0,91.0],"tests":[89.0,97.0]}
tyler={"name":"Tyler","homework":[0.0,87.0,75.0,22.0],
"quizzes":[0.0,75.0,78.0],"tests":[100.0,100.0]}
#---
defaverage(numbers):
total=sum(numbers)
total=float(total)
returntotal/len(numbers)
defget_average(student):
homework=average(student['homework'])
quizzes=average(student['quizzes'])
tests=average(student['tests'])
return0.1*homework+0.3*quizzes+0.6*tests
defget_letter_grade(score):
ifscore>=90:return"A"
elifscore>=80:return"B"
elifscore>=70:return"C"
elifscore>=60:return"D"
else:return"F"
defget_class_average(students):
results=[]
forstudentinstudents:results.append(get_average(student))
returnaverage(results)
51 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-51-2048.jpg)
![Student Becomes the Teacher
average(A-List)returns float
get_average(A-Dict)returns float--> better get_numeric_grade()
get_letter_grade(num)returns string
get_class_average(List-of-Dicts)returns float
#---
students=[lloyd,alice,tyler]
printget_class_average(students)
printget_letter_grade(get_class_average(students))
#---
#classaverage=get_class_average([lloyd,alice,tyler])
#printget_letter_grade(get_average(lloyd))
#---
52 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-52-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Functions
Access to List
Method: .append(), .pop(), .remove()
Function: del
n=[1,3,5]
#Doyourmultiplicationhere
n[1]*=5
n.append(4)
printn
#[1,15,5,4]
n=[1,3,5]
#Removethefirstiteminthelisthere
n.pop(0)
#ataudel(n[0])
#n.remove(1)value1,bukanindex
#popnge-returnvalue,delvoid
printn
54 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-54-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Functions
#1
n="Hello"
defstring_function(s):
returns+'world'
printstring_function(n)
#2
deflist_function(x):
x[1]+=3
returnx
n=[3,5,7]
printlist_function(n)
#3
n=[3,5,7]
deflist_extender(lst):
lst.append(9);
returnlst
printlist_extender(n)
55 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-55-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Functions
#1range
n=[3,5,7]
defprint_list(x):
foriinrange(0,len(x)):
printx[i]
print_list(n)
#eachline:357
#2
n=[3,5,7]
defdouble_list(x):
foriinrange(0,len(x)):
x[i]=x[i]*2
returnx
printdouble_list(n)
#[6,10,14]
56 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-56-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Functions
#3
range(6)#=>[0,1,2,3,4,5]
range(1,6)#=>[1,2,3,4,5]
range(1,6,3)#=>[1,4]
#range(stop)
#range(start,stop)
#range(start,stop,step)
defmy_function(x):
foriinrange(0,len(x)):
x[i]=x[i]*2
returnx
printmy_function(range(3))#[0,1,2]
#[0,2,4]
57 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-57-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Functions
#1
n=[3,5,7]
deftotal(numbers):
result=0
fornuminnumbers:#foriinrange(len(numbers)):
result+=num #result+=numbers[i]
returnresult
#2
n=["Michael","Lieberman"]
defjoin_strings(words):
result=""
foriteminwords:
result+=item
returnresult
printjoin_strings(n)
58 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-58-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Functions
#3operator+agakbedadipythonbuatlist
m=[1,2,3]
n=[4,5,6]
defjoin_lists(x,y):returnx+y
printjoin_lists(m,n)
#[1,2,3,4,5,6]
#4ListofLists
n=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6,7,8,9]]
defflatten(lists):
results=[]
fornumbersinlists:
fornuminnumbers:results.append(num)
returnresults
printflatten(n)
#[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
59 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-59-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Functions
Battleship!
In this project you will build a simplified, one-player version of the classic
board game Battleship! In this version of the game, there will be a single ship
hidden in a random location on a 5x5 grid. The player will have 10 guesses to
try to sink the ship.
#tambahelemenberulangpdlist
board=[]
foriinrange(5):
board.append(["O"]*5)#["O","O","O","O","O"]
printboard#[[],..,[]]
#print1rowelemen,1baris
board=[]
foriinrange(5):
board.append(["O"]*5)#["O","O","O","O","O"]
defprint_board(board):
forrowinboard:printrow
print_board(board)
60 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-60-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Functions
Battleship! (1)
#.joinmethodusesthestringtocombinetheitemsinthelist.
fromrandomimportrandint
board=[]
forxinrange(5):board.append(["O"]*5)
defprint_board(board):
forrowinboard:print"".join(row)
print"Let'splayBattleship!"
print_board(board)
#---
defrandom_row(board):returnrandint(0,len(board)-1)
defrandom_col(board):returnrandint(0,len(board[0])-1)
ship_row=random_row(board)
ship_col=random_col(board)
#printship_row
#printship_col
61 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-61-2048.jpg)
![Lists and Functions
Battleship! (2)
#Multilineifcondition,guess_rownotinrange(5)
forturninrange(4):
print"Turn",turn+1
guess_row=int(raw_input("GuessRow:"))
guess_col=int(raw_input("GuessCol:"))
ifguess_row==ship_rowandguess_col==ship_col:
print"Congratulations!Yousankmybattleship!"
break
else:
if(guess_row<0orguess_row>4)or
(guess_col<0or guess_col>4):
print"Oops,that'snotevenintheocean."
elif(board[guess_row][guess_col]=="X"):
print"Youguessedthatonealready."
else:
print"Youmissedmybattleship!"
board[guess_row][guess_col]="X"
print_board(board)
ifturn==3:
print"GameOver"
62 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-62-2048.jpg)
![Loops
forin
#1
hobbies=[]
#Addyourcodebelow!
foriinrange(3):
hobby=str(raw_input("Yourhobby:"))
hobbies.append(hobby);
#---
#2
thing="spam!"
forcinthing:printc
word="eggs!"
forcinword:printc
68 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-68-2048.jpg)
![Loops
forin
Looping over a Dictionary
#3
phrase="Abirdinthehand..."
forcharinphrase:
ifchar=="A"orchar=="a":
print"X",
else:
printchar,
print
#The,characterafterourprintstatementmeansthat
#ournextprintstatementkeepsprintingonthesameline.
#plus1space
#---
#4Loopingoveradictionary
d={'a':'apple','b':'berry','c':'cherry'}
forkeyind:
printkey+""+d[key]
69 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-69-2048.jpg)
![Loops
forindex,iteminenumerate(list)
fora,binzip(list_a,list_b)
#5
choices=['pizza','pasta','salad','nachos']
print'Yourchoicesare:'
forindex,iteminenumerate(choices):
printindex+1,item
#---
#6
list_a=[3,9,17,15,19]
list_b=[2,4,8,10,30,40,50,60,70,80,90]
fora,binzip(list_a,list_b):
#Addyourcodehere!
ifa>b:
printa
else:
printb
#zipwillcreatepairsofelementswhenpassedtwolists,
#andwillstopattheendoftheshorterlist.
#zipcanhandlethreeormorelistsaswell!
70 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-70-2048.jpg)
![Loops
for, else
#7
fruits=['banana','apple','orange','tomato','pear','grape']
print'Youhave...'
forfinfruits:
iff=='tomato':
print'Atomatoisnotafruit!'#(Itactuallyis.)
break
print'A',f
else:
print'Afineselectionoffruits!'
#sptelsewhile,klbreaktidakdirun,klexitnormalyes
#---
71 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-71-2048.jpg)
![Loops
for, else
#8
fruits=['banana','apple','orange','tomato','pear','grape']
print'Youhave...'
forfinfruits:
iff=='tomato1':#klmatch,executed;elsenever
print'Atomatoisnotafruit!'
break
print'A',f
else:
print'Afineselectionoffruits!'
#---
#9
thelist=['a','b','c']
foriinthelist:
printi
else:
print'completed!'
72 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-72-2048.jpg)
![Loops
Practice Makes Perfect
#5
defis_prime(x):
ifx<2:returnFalse
forninrange(x-2):
ifx%(n+2)==0:returnFalse
returnTrue
printis_prime(9)
printis_prime(11)
#---
#6
defreverse(text):
varlength=len(text)
textrev=""
foriinrange(varlength):textrev+=text[varlength-1-i]
returntextrev
printreverse('abc@def')
#Youmaynotusereversedor[::-1]tohelpyouwiththis.
#---
75 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-75-2048.jpg)
![Loops
Practice Makes Perfect
#7
defanti_vowel(text):
rettext=""
forcintext:
clower=c.lower()
ifclower!='a'andclower!='e'andclower!='i'andclower!='o'and
clower!='u':rettext+=c
returnrettext
printanti_vowel("HeyYou!")
#---
score={"a":1,"c":3,"b":3,"e":1,"d":2,"g":2,"f":4,"i":1,"h":4,"k":5,"j":8,"m":3,"l"
defscrabble_score(word):
wordlower=word.lower()
retscore=0
forcinwordlower:
forkeyinscore:
ifkey==c:
retscore+=score[key]
break
returnretscore
printscrabble_score("Helix")
76 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-76-2048.jpg)
![Loops
Practice Makes Perfect
#8
defcensor(text,word):
textlist=text.split()
textlist_new=[]
foritemintextlist:
ifitem!=word:
textlist_new.append(item)
else:
textlist_new.append("*"*len(item))
return"".join(textlist_new)
printcensor("thishackiswackhack","hack")
#---
#9
defcount(sequence,item):
varcount=0
foriinsequence:
ifi==item:varcount+=1
returnvarcount
printcount([1,2,1,1],1)
77 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-77-2048.jpg)
![Loops
Practice Makes Perfect
#10
defpurify(numbers):
retnumbers=[]
fornuminnumbers:
ifnum%2==0:retnumbers.append(num)
returnretnumbers
printpurify([1,2,3])
#---
#11
defproduct(numlist):
res=1
fornuminnumlist:res*=num
returnres
printproduct([4,5,5])
78 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-78-2048.jpg)
![Loops
Practice Makes Perfect
#12
defremove_duplicates(varlist):
newlist=[]
forvarinvarlist:
ifvarnotinnewlist:newlist.append(var)
returnnewlist
printremove_duplicates([1,1,2,2])
#---
#13sorted()
#Themedianisthemiddlenumberinasortedsequenceofnumbers.Ifyouaregivenasequencewith
#anevennumberofelements,youmustaveragethetwoelementssurroundingthemiddle.
#sorted([5,2,3,1,4])-->[1,2,3,4,5]
defmedian(varlist):
sortedlist=sorted(varlist)
length=len(varlist)
iflength%2==1:
returnsortedlist[((length+1)/2-1)]
else:
return(sortedlist[length/2-1]+sortedlist[length/2])/2.0
printmedian([1,1,2]) #1
printmedian([7,3,1,4])#3.5
79 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-79-2048.jpg)
![Exam Statistics
(1)
grades=[100,100,90,40,80,100,85,70,90,65,90,85,50.5]
defprint_grades(grades):
forgradeingrades:printgrade
defgrades_sum(scores):
total=0
forscoreinscores:total+=score
returntotal
defgrades_average(grades):
returngrades_sum(grades)/float(len(grades))
print_grades(grades)
printgrades_sum(grades)
printgrades_average(grades)
80 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-80-2048.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
List Comprehensions
my_dict={
"Name":"Otong",
"Age":23,
"Title":"Dr"
}
printmy_dict.items() #[('Age',23),('Name','Otong'),('Title','Dr')]
printmy_dict.keys() #['Age','Name','Title']
printmy_dict.values()#[23,'Otong','Dr']
forkeyinmy_dict:printkey,my_dict[key]
#Age23
#NameOtong
#TitleDr
#Youshoulduseprinta,bratherthanprinta+""+b
What if we wanted to generate a list according to some logic—for example, a
list of all the even numbers from 0 to 50? List comprehensions are a
powerful way to generate lists using the for/in and if keywords
83 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-83-2048.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
List Comprehensions
#1
evens_to_50=[iforiinrange(51)ifi%2==0]
printevens_to_50
#[0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40,42,44,46,48,50]
#---------------------------------------------------------
#2
new_list=[xforxinrange(1,6)] #=>[1,2,3,4,5]
doubles=[x*2forxinrange(1,6)] #=>[2,4,6,8,10]
doubles_by_3=[x*2forxinrange(1,6)if(x*2)%3==0]#=>[6]
#---------------------------------------------------------
#3
doubles_by_3=[x*2forxinrange(1,6)if(x*2)%3==0]
even_squares=[x**2forxinrange(1,12)ifx%2==0]
printeven_squares#[4,16,36,64,100]
#---------------------------------------------------------
84 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-84-2048.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
List Comprehensions
#4
c=['C'forxinrange(5)ifx<3]
printc#['C','C','C']
#---------------------------------------------------------
#5
cubes_by_four=[x**3forxinrange(1,11)if(x**3)%4==0]
printcubes_by_four#[8,64,216,512,1000]
#---------------------------------------------------------
#6
l=[i**2foriinrange(1,11)] #Shouldbe[1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100]
printl[2:9:2]#[9,25,49,81]--2belakang,1diloncat
#listslicing
#[start:end:stride]
#Wherestartdescribeswheretheslicestarts(inclusive),endiswhereitends(exclusive),
#andstridedescribesthespacebetweenitemsintheslicedlist.Forexample,astrideof2
#wouldselecteveryotheritemfromtheoriginallisttoplaceintheslicedlist.
#start&end-->index
85 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-85-2048.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
List Comprehensions
#7
to_five=['A','B','C','D','E']
printto_five[3:] #['D','E']
printto_five[:2] #['A','B']
printto_five[::2]#['A','C','E']
"""
Thedefaultstartingindexis0.
Thedefaultendingindexistheendofthelist.
Thedefaultstrideis1.
"""
#---------------------------------------------------------
#8
my_list=range(1,11)#Listofnumbers1-10
printmy_list[::2]#[1,3,5,7,9]
#---------------------------------------------------------
86 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-86-2048.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
List Comprehensions
#9
letters=['A','B','C','D','E']
printletters[::-1]#['E','D','C','B','A']righttoleft
#---------------------------------------------------------
#10
my_list=range(1,11)
backwards=my_list[::-1]
#---------------------------------------------------------
#11
to_one_hundred=range(101)
backwards_by_tens=to_one_hundred[::-10]
printbackwards_by_tens#[100,90,80,70,60,50,40,30,20,10,0]
#---------------------------------------------------------
#12
to_21=range(1,22)
odds=to_21[::2]
middle_third=to_21[7:14]
87 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-87-2048.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
Lambda - Anonymous Function
Functional programming : means that you're allowed to pass functions around
just as if they were variables or values. The function the lambda creates is an
anonymous function. Lambdas are useful when you need a quick function to
do some work for you.
When we pass the lambda to filter, filter uses the lambda to determine what
to filter, and the second argument (my_list, which is just the numbers 0 – 15) is
the list it does the filtering on.
#ekivalen
lambdax:x%3==0
defby_three(x):returnx%3==0
#---------------------------------------------------------
#filter
my_list=range(16)
printfilter(lambdax:x%3==0,my_list)
#ygbsdibagi3->[0,3,6,9,12,15]
#---------------------------------------------------------
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![Advanced Topics in Python
Lambda - Anonymous Function
languages=["HTML","JavaScript","Python","Ruby"]
printfilter(lambdax:x=="Python",languages)#['Python']
#---------------------------------------------------------
cubes=[x**3forxinrange(1,11)]
printfilter(lambdax:x%3==0,cubes)
#---------------------------------------------------------
squares=[x**2forxinrange(1,11)]
printfilter(lambdax:x>30andx<=70,squares)#[36,49,64]
#---------------------------------------------------------
89 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-89-2048.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
Recap
#Dictionary
movies={
"MontyPythonandtheHolyGrail":"Great",
"MontyPython'sLifeofBrian":"Good",
"MontyPython'sMeaningofLife":"Okay"
}
printmovies.items()
#forkeyinmovies:printkey,my_dict[key]
#---------------------------------------------------------
#ComprehendingComprehensions
squares=[x**2forxinrange(5)]
threes_and_fives=[xforxinrange(1,16)ifx%3==0orx%5==0]
90 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-90-2048.jpg)
![Advanced Topics in Python
Recap
#ListSlicing
str="ABCDEFGHIJ"
#str[start:end:stride]->start,end,stride=1,6,2
#---------------------------------------------------------
garbled="!XeXgXaXsXsXeXmXXtXeXrXcXeXsXXeXhXtXXmXaXXI"
rev_garbled=garbled[::-1]
message=rev_garbled[::2]
printmessage
#---------------------------------------------------------
#Lambda
my_list=range(16)
printfilter(lambdax:x%3==0,my_list)
garbled="IXXXaXXmXaXXXnXoXXXXXtXhXeXXXXrXsXXXXeXcXXXrXeXtmXXeXsXXXsXaXXXXXXgXeX!XX"
message=filter(lambdax:x!='X',garbled)
printmessage
91 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-91-2048.jpg)
![Introduction to Classes
Class Scope
classShoppingCart(object):
"""Createsshoppingcartobjects
forusersofourfinewebsite."""
items_in_cart={}
def__init__(self,customer_name):
self.customer_name=customer_name
defadd_item(self,product,price):
"""Addproducttothecart."""
ifnotproductinself.items_in_cart:
self.items_in_cart[product]=price
printproduct+"added."
else:
printproduct+"isalreadyinthecart."
defremove_item(self,product):
"""Removeproductfromthecart."""
ifproductinself.items_in_cart:
delself.items_in_cart[product]
printproduct+"removed."
else:
printproduct+"isnotinthecart."
104 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-104-2048.jpg)
![File Input and Output
Built-in io functions
Write
#Generatesalistofsquaresofthenumbers1-10
my_list=[i**2foriinrange(1,11)]
f=open("output.txt","w")
foriteminmy_list:f.write(str(item)+"n")
f.close()
#ThistoldPythontoopenoutput.txtin"w"mode("w"standsfor"write").
#Westoredtheresultofthisoperationinafileobject,f.
116 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-116-2048.jpg)
![File Input and Output
Write
my_list=[i**2foriinrange(1,11)]
my_file=open("output.txt","r+")
foriinmy_list:my_file.write(str(i)+"n")
my_file.close()
#"r+"asasecondargumenttothefunctionsothe
#filewillallowyoutoreadandwrite
117 / 121](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/10-em-python-intro-151111224031-lva1-app6892/75/Python-An-Introduction-117-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byEueung Mulyana
Python - An Introduction
The document provides an introduction to the Python programming language. It outlines 10 topics that will be covered: Python syntax, strings and console output, conditionals and control flow, functions, lists and dictionaries, lists and functions, loops, advanced topics, classes, and file input/output. Each topic includes code examples and explanations of Python concepts and features related to that topic.
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Python - An Introduction
- 1. Python - AnIntroduction Eueung Mulyana | http://eueung.github.io/EL6240/py based on the material @Codecademy Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 1 / 121
- 2. Agenda 1. Python Syntax 2.Strings and Console Output 3. Conditionals and Control Flow 4. Functions 5. Lists and Dictionaries 6. Lists and Functions 7. Loops 8. Advanced Topics in Python 9. Introduction to Classes 10. File Input and Output 2 / 121
- 3. Agenda 1. Python Syntax 2.Strings and Console Output 3. Conditionals and Control Flow 4. Functions 5. Lists and Dictionaries 6. Lists and Functions 7. Loops 8. Advanced Topics in Python 9. Introduction to Classes 10. File Input and Output 3 / 121
- 4. Python Syntax Basic Types:string, int, float, bool Function: print(python 2) Comment: # print"WelcometoPython!" my_variable=10 my_int=7 my_float=1.23 my_bool=True #changevalue my_int=7 my_int=3 printmy_int 4 / 121
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- 6. Python Syntax Comment: #,""" Operators: +,-,*,/,**,% #singlelinecomment """test multilinescomment """ addition=72+23 subtraction=108-204 multiplication=108*0.5 division=108/9 #addition count_to=5000+6000.6 printcount_to #square,exponentiation,tothepowerof eggs=10**2 printeggs #modulo spam=5%4 printspam #1,modulo 6 / 121
- 7. Python Syntax Learned: Variables, whichstore values for later use Data types, such as numbers and booleans Whitespace, which separates statements Comments, which make your code easier to read Arithmetic operations, including +, -, , /, *, and % #comment monty=True python=1.234 monty_python=python**2 7 / 121
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- 9. Agenda 1. Python Syntax 2.Strings and Console Output 3. Conditionals and Control Flow 4. Functions 5. Lists and Dictionaries 6. Lists and Functions 7. Loops 8. Advanced Topics in Python 9. Introduction to Classes 10. File Input and Output 9 / 121
- 10. Strings and ConsoleOutput Assignment, Escaping Chars "MONTY"[4] caesar="Graham" printcaesar #Escapingcharacters abc='Thisisn'tflying,thisisfallingwithstyle!' printabc """ Thestring"PYTHON"hassixcharacters, numbered0to5,asshownbelow: +---+---+---+---+---+---+ |P|Y|T|H|O|N| +---+---+---+---+---+---+ 0 1 2 3 4 5 Soifyouwanted"Y",youcouldjusttype "PYTHON"[1](alwaysstartcountingfrom0!) """ fifth_letter="MONTY"[4] printfifth_letter #Y 10 / 121
- 11. Strings and ConsoleOutput Functions: len(), lower(), upper(), str() parrot="NorwegianBlue" printlen(parrot) #14 #Stringmethods:len(),lower(),upper(),str() parrot="NorwegianBlue" printparrot.lower() printparrot.upper() #tostring pi=3.14 printstr(pi) #review ministry="TheMinistryofSillyWalks" printlen(ministry) printministry.upper() 11 / 121
- 12. Strings and ConsoleOutput Printing String Variables String Concatenation Functions: raw_input() #tostring,printingvariables,stringconcatenation print"Spam"+"and"+"eggs" print"Thevalueofpiisaround"+3.14 #error print"Thevalueofpiisaround"+str(3.14) string_1="Camelot" string_2="place" print"Let'snotgoto%s.'Tisasilly%s."%(string_1,string_2) #stringformatting name="Mike" print"Hello%s"%(name) #stringformatting,tanda%sdan% #fungsiraw_input(inputdarikeyboardpasruntime) name=raw_input("Whatisyourname?") quest=raw_input("Whatisyourquest?") color=raw_input("Whatisyourfavoritecolor?") print"Ah,soyournameis%s,yourquestis%s," "andyourfavoritecoloris%s."%(name,quest,color) 12 / 121
- 13. Strings and ConsoleOutput Date and Time fromdatetimeimportdatetime now=datetime.now() printnow #member,bukanmethod printnow.year printnow.month printnow.day print'%s-%s-%s'%(now.year,now.month,now.day) print'%s/%s/%s'%(now.day,now.month,now.year) printnow.hour printnow.minute printnow.second print'%s:%s:%s'%(now.hour,now.minute,now.second) print'%s/%s/%s%s:%s:%s'%(now.day,now.month,now.year,now.hour,now.minute,now.second) 13 / 121
- 14. Agenda 1. Python Syntax 2.Strings and Console Output 3. Conditionals and Control Flow 4. Functions 5. Lists and Dictionaries 6. Lists and Functions 7. Loops 8. Advanced Topics in Python 9. Introduction to Classes 10. File Input and Output 14 / 121
- 15. Conditionals and ControlFlow #raw_input defclinic(): print"You'vejustenteredtheclinic!" print"Doyoutakethedoorontheleftortheright?" answer=raw_input("Typeleftorrightandhit'Enter'.").lower() ifanswer=="left"oranswer=="l": print"ThisistheVerbalAbuseRoom,youheapofparrotdroppings!" elifanswer=="right"oranswer=="r": print"OfcoursethisistheArgumentRoom,I'vetoldyouthatalready!" else: print"Youdidn'tpickleftorright!Tryagain." clinic() clinic() 15 / 121
- 16. Conditionals and ControlFlow Boolean Comparisons bool_one=True #17<328 bool_two=True #100==(2*50) bool_three=True #19<=19 bool_four=False #-22>=-18 bool_five=False #99!=(98+1) bool_one=False #(20-10)>15 bool_two=False #(10+17)==3**16 bool_three=False#1**2<=-1 bool_four=True #40*4>=-4 bool_five=False #100!=10**2 #----- bool_one=3<5 #True bool_two=3>5 #False bool_three=5==5 #True bool_four=3!=3 #False bool_five=3<=3 #True 16 / 121
- 17. Conditionals and ControlFlow Operators: and, or bool_one =FalseandFalse bool_two =-(-(-(-2)))==-2and4>=16**0.5 bool_three=19%4!=300/10/10andFalse bool_four =-(1**2)<2**0and10%10<=20-10*2 bool_five =TrueandTrue #----- bool_one =2**3==108%100or'Cleese'=='KingArthur' bool_two =TrueorFalse bool_three=100**0.5>=50orFalse bool_four =TrueorTrue bool_five =1**100==100**1or3*2*1!=3+2+1 17 / 121
- 18. Conditionals and ControlFlow Operators: not bool_one =notTrue bool_two =not3**4<4**3 bool_three=not10%3<=10%2 bool_four =not3**2+4**2!=5**2 bool_five =notnotFalse #----- bool_one =FalseornotTrueandTrue bool_two =FalseandnotTrueorTrue bool_three=Trueandnot(FalseorFalse) bool_four =notnotTrueorFalseandnotTrue bool_five =Falseornot(TrueandTrue) #----- #notfirst,berikutnyaand,or--samaprioritas,klnotnotsamadengannot(not) bool_one=(2<=2)and"Alpha"=="Bravo" 18 / 121
- 19. Conditionals and ControlFlow Conditional Statement answer="Left" ifanswer=="Left": print"ThisistheVerbalAbuseRoom,youheapofparrotdroppings!" #Willtheaboveprintstatementprinttotheconsole? #--- defusing_control_once(): ifTrue: return"Success#1" defusing_control_again(): ifTrue: return"Success#2" printusing_control_once() printusing_control_again() 19 / 121
- 20. Conditionals and ControlFlow Conditional Statement #condition answer="'Tisbutascratch!" defblack_knight(): ifanswer=="'Tisbutascratch!": returnTrue else: returnFalse #MakesurethisreturnsFalse deffrench_soldier(): ifanswer=="Goaway,orIshalltauntyouasecondtime!": returnTrue else: returnFalse #MakesurethisreturnsFalse 20 / 121
- 21. Conditionals and ControlFlow Conditional Statement #condition defgreater_less_equal_5(answer): ifanswer>5: return1 elifanswer<5: return-1 else: return0 printgreater_less_equal_5(4) printgreater_less_equal_5(5) printgreater_less_equal_5(6) #review defthe_flying_circus(): if5==5: #Startcodinghere! #Don'tforgettoindent #thecodeinsidethisblock! returnTrue elifTrueandTrue: #Keepgoinghere. #You'llwanttoaddtheelsestatement,too! returnFalse else: returnFalse 21 / 121
- 22. Conditionals and ControlFlow PygLatin (Python Pig Latin) Ask the user to input a word in English. Make sure the user entered a valid word. Convert the word from English to Pig Latin. Display the translation result. print'WelcometothePigLatinTranslator!' original=raw_input("Enteraword:") iflen(original)>0andoriginal.isalpha(): printoriginal else: print"empty" 22 / 121
- 23. Conditionals and ControlFlow PygLatin (Python Pig Latin) You move the first letter of the word to the end and then append the suffix 'ay'. Example: python->ythonpay pyg='ay' original=raw_input('Enteraword:') iflen(original)>0andoriginal.isalpha(): word=original.lower() first=word[0] new_word=word+first+pyg new_word=new_word[1:len(new_word)] printnew_word else: print'empty' 23 / 121
- 24. Agenda 1. Python Syntax 2.Strings and Console Output 3. Conditionals and Control Flow 4. Functions 5. Lists and Dictionaries 6. Lists and Functions 7. Loops 8. Advanced Topics in Python 9. Introduction to Classes 10. File Input and Output 24 / 121
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- 28. Functions Importing a Module:a module is a file that contains definitions— including variables and functions—that you can use once it is imported Math Standard Library #1 importmath printmath.sqrt(25) #2 frommathimportsqrt printsqrt(25) frommathimport* printsqrt(25) #3 importmath everything=dir(math)#Setseverythingtoalistofthingsfrommath printeverything #Prints'emall! """ ['__doc__','__name__','__package__','acos','acosh','asin','asinh','atan','atan2','atanh','ceil','copysign', """ 28 / 121
- 29. Functions Math *args: one ormore arguments Functions: max, min, abs defbiggest_number(*args): printmax(args) returnmax(args) defsmallest_number(*args): printmin(args) returnmin(args) defdistance_from_zero(arg): printabs(arg) returnabs(arg) biggest_number(-10,-5,5,10) smallest_number(-10,-5,5,10) distance_from_zero(-10) #--- maximum=max(2.3,4.1,6) minimum=min(2.3,4.1,6) absolute=abs(-42) printmaximum 29 / 121
- 30. Functions Function: type printtype(42) #<type'int'> printtype(4.2)#<type'float'> printtype('spam') #<type'str'> #--- defspeak(message):returnmessage ifhappy():speak("I'mhappy!") elifsad():speak("I'msad.") else:speak("Idon'tknowwhatI'mfeeling.") #--- defshut_down(s): ifs=="yes":return"Shuttingdown" elifs=="no":return"Shutdownaborted" else:return"Sorry" 30 / 121
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- 33. Agenda 1. Python Syntax 2.Strings and Console Output 3. Conditionals and Control Flow 4. Functions 5. Lists and Dictionaries 6. Lists and Functions 7. Loops 8. Advanced Topics in Python 9. Introduction to Classes 10. File Input and Output 33 / 121
- 34. Lists and Dictionaries List: Array Dictionary : Asc. Array (notation {} -> object in JS) List #list_name=[item_1,item_2],empty[] zoo_animals=["pangolin","cassowary","sloth","gajah"]; iflen(zoo_animals)>3: print"Thefirstanimalatthezooisthe"+zoo_animals[0] print"Thesecondanimalatthezooisthe"+zoo_animals[1] print"Thethirdanimalatthezooisthe"+zoo_animals[2] print"Thefourthanimalatthezooisthe"+zoo_animals[3] 34 / 121
- 35. Lists and Dictionaries List Methods:append, len suitcase=[] suitcase.append("sunglasses") #Yourcodehere! suitcase.append('a') suitcase.append('b') suitcase.append('c') list_length=len(suitcase)#Setthistothelengthofsuitcase print"Thereare%ditemsinthesuitcase."%(list_length) printsuitcase """ Thereare4itemsinthesuitcase. ['sunglasses','a','b','c'] """ 35 / 121
- 36. Lists and Dictionaries List Slicing:[index_inclusive:index_exclusive] suitcase=["sunglasses","hat","passport","laptop","suit","shoes"] first =suitcase[0:2] #Thefirstandseconditems(indexzeroandone) middle=suitcase[2:4] #Thirdandfourthitems(indextwoandthree) last =suitcase[4:6] #Thelasttwoitems(indexfourandfive) #<6bukan<=6 #Westartattheindexbeforethecolonandcontinueuptobutnotincludingtheindexafterthecolon. #--- animals="catdogfrog" cat =animals[:3] #Thefirstthreecharactersofanimals dog =animals[3:6] #Thefourththroughsixthcharacters frog=animals[6:] #Fromtheseventhcharactertotheend #tanpastart/end 36 / 121
- 37. Lists and Dictionaries List Methods:index, insert animals=["aardvark","badger","duck","emu","fennecfox"] duck_index=animals.index("duck") #Useindex()tofind"duck" #Yourcodehere! animals.insert(duck_index,"cobra") printanimals#Observewhatprintsaftertheinsertoperation #['aardvark','badger','cobra','duck','emu','fennecfox'] 37 / 121
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- 39. Lists and Dictionaries Dict Key: Value Pair #dictionarykeyvaluenotasiobject{} residents={'Puffin':104,'Sloth':105,'BurmesePython':106} printresidents['Puffin']#PrintsPuffin'sroomnumber #Yourcodehere! printresidents['Sloth'] printresidents['BurmesePython'] 39 / 121
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- 41. Lists and Dictionaries Dict Adictionary (or list) declaration may break across multiple lines del #key-animal_name:value-location zoo_animals={'Unicorn':'CottonCandyHouse', 'Sloth':'RainforestExhibit', 'BengalTiger':'JungleHouse', 'AtlanticPuffin':'ArcticExhibit', 'RockhopperPenguin':'ArcticExhibit'} #Removingthe'Unicorn'entry.(Unicornsareincrediblyexpensive.) delzoo_animals['Unicorn'] delzoo_animals['Sloth'] delzoo_animals['BengalTiger'] zoo_animals['RockhopperPenguin']='ArcticExhibitMod' printzoo_animals 41 / 121
- 42. Lists and Dictionaries List& Dict remove Complex Dict #remove backpack=['xylophone','dagger','tent','breadloaf'] backpack.remove("dagger") #--- inventory={ 'gold':500, 'pouch':['flint','twine','gemstone'],#Assignedanewlistto'pouch'key 'backpack':['xylophone','dagger','bedroll','breadloaf'] } #Addingakey'burlapbag'andassigningalisttoit inventory['burlapbag']=['apple','smallruby','three-toedsloth'] #Sortingthelistfoundunderthekey'pouch' inventory['pouch'].sort() inventory['pocket']=['seashell','strangeberry','lint'] inventory['backpack'].sort() inventory['backpack'].remove('dagger') inventory['gold']+=50 42 / 121
- 43. Lists and Dictionaries ADay at the Supermarket names=["Adam","Alex","Mariah","Martine","Columbus"] foriteminnames:printitem #--- #indentfirstelementdalamdictdalam{},sptdibhslain webster={ "Aardvark":"Astarofapopularchildren'scartoonshow.", "Baa":"Thesoundagoatmakes.", "Carpet":"Goesonthefloor.", "Dab":"Asmallamount." } forkeyinwebster: printwebster[key] Note that dictionaries are unordered, meaning that any time you loop through a dictionary, you will go through every key, but you are not guaranteed to get them in any particular order. 43 / 121
- 44. Lists and Dictionaries ADay at the Supermarket a=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13] fornumberina: ifnumber%2==0:printnumber #--- defcount_small(numbers): total=0 forninnumbers: ifn<10:total=total+1 returntotal lost=[4,8,15,16,23,42] small=count_small(lost) printsmall #--- deffizz_count(x): count=0 foriteminx: ifitem=='fizz':count+=1 returncount fizz_count(["fizz","cat","fizz"]) 44 / 121
- 45. Lists and Dictionaries ADay at the Supermarket As we've mentioned, strings are like lists with characters as elements. You can loop through strings the same way you loop through lists! forletterin"Codecademy":printletter #Emptylinestomaketheoutputpretty print print word="Programmingisfun!" forletterinword: #Onlyprintouttheletteri ifletter=="i":printletter 45 / 121
- 46. Lists and Dictionaries ADay at the Supermarket prices={ "banana":4, "apple":2, "orange":1.5, "pear":3 } stock={ "banana":6, "apple":0, "orange":32, "pear":15 } forkeyinstock: printkey print"price:%s"%prices[key] print"stock:%s"%stock[key] 46 / 121
- 47. Lists and Dictionaries ADay at the Supermarket #take2 prices={ "banana":4, "apple" :2, "orange":1.5,"pear" :3, } stock={ "banana":6, "apple" :0, "orange":32, "pear" :15, } forkeyinprices: printkey print"price:%s"%prices[key] print"stock:%s"%stock[key] total=0 forkeyinprices: printprices[key]*stock[key] total+=prices[key]*stock[key] printtotal 47 / 121
- 48. Lists and Dictionaries ADay at the Supermarket #take3 shopping_list=["banana","orange","apple"] stock={ "banana":6, "apple":0, "orange":32, "pear":15 } prices={ "banana":4, "apple":2, "orange":1.5,"pear":3 } defcompute_bill(food): total=0 foriteminfood: ifstock[item]>0: total+=prices[item] stock[item]-=1 returntotal 48 / 121
- 49. Student Becomes theTeacher List of Dicts lloyd={ "name":"Lloyd", "homework":[90.0,97.0,75.0,92.0], "quizzes":[88.0,40.0,94.0], "tests":[75.0,90.0] } alice={ "name":"Alice","homework":[100.0,92.0,98.0,100.0], "quizzes":[82.0,83.0,91.0],"tests":[89.0,97.0] } tyler={ "name":"Tyler","homework":[0.0,87.0,75.0,22.0], "quizzes":[0.0,75.0,78.0],"tests":[100.0,100.0] } students=[lloyd,alice,tyler] forstudentinstudents: printstudent['name'] printstudent['homework'] printstudent['quizzes'] printstudent['tests'] 49 / 121
- 50. Student Becomes theTeacher Arithmetics Notes 5/2 #2 5.0/2 #2.5 float(5)/2 #2.5biarjadifloatkarenaint/int 50 / 121
- 51. Student Becomes theTeacher lloyd={"name":"Lloyd","homework":[90.0,97.0,75.0,92.0], "quizzes":[88.0,40.0,94.0],"tests":[75.0,90.0]} alice={"name":"Alice","homework":[100.0,92.0,98.0,100.0], "quizzes":[82.0,83.0,91.0],"tests":[89.0,97.0]} tyler={"name":"Tyler","homework":[0.0,87.0,75.0,22.0], "quizzes":[0.0,75.0,78.0],"tests":[100.0,100.0]} #--- defaverage(numbers): total=sum(numbers) total=float(total) returntotal/len(numbers) defget_average(student): homework=average(student['homework']) quizzes=average(student['quizzes']) tests=average(student['tests']) return0.1*homework+0.3*quizzes+0.6*tests defget_letter_grade(score): ifscore>=90:return"A" elifscore>=80:return"B" elifscore>=70:return"C" elifscore>=60:return"D" else:return"F" defget_class_average(students): results=[] forstudentinstudents:results.append(get_average(student)) returnaverage(results) 51 / 121
- 52. Student Becomes theTeacher average(A-List)returns float get_average(A-Dict)returns float--> better get_numeric_grade() get_letter_grade(num)returns string get_class_average(List-of-Dicts)returns float #--- students=[lloyd,alice,tyler] printget_class_average(students) printget_letter_grade(get_class_average(students)) #--- #classaverage=get_class_average([lloyd,alice,tyler]) #printget_letter_grade(get_average(lloyd)) #--- 52 / 121
- 53. Agenda 1. Python Syntax 2.Strings and Console Output 3. Conditionals and Control Flow 4. Functions 5. Lists and Dictionaries 6. Lists and Functions 7. Loops 8. Advanced Topics in Python 9. Introduction to Classes 10. File Input and Output 53 / 121
- 54. Lists and Functions Accessto List Method: .append(), .pop(), .remove() Function: del n=[1,3,5] #Doyourmultiplicationhere n[1]*=5 n.append(4) printn #[1,15,5,4] n=[1,3,5] #Removethefirstiteminthelisthere n.pop(0) #ataudel(n[0]) #n.remove(1)value1,bukanindex #popnge-returnvalue,delvoid printn 54 / 121
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- 58. Lists and Functions #1 n=[3,5,7] deftotal(numbers): result=0 fornuminnumbers:#foriinrange(len(numbers)): result+=num#result+=numbers[i] returnresult #2 n=["Michael","Lieberman"] defjoin_strings(words): result="" foriteminwords: result+=item returnresult printjoin_strings(n) 58 / 121
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- 60. Lists and Functions Battleship! Inthis project you will build a simplified, one-player version of the classic board game Battleship! In this version of the game, there will be a single ship hidden in a random location on a 5x5 grid. The player will have 10 guesses to try to sink the ship. #tambahelemenberulangpdlist board=[] foriinrange(5): board.append(["O"]*5)#["O","O","O","O","O"] printboard#[[],..,[]] #print1rowelemen,1baris board=[] foriinrange(5): board.append(["O"]*5)#["O","O","O","O","O"] defprint_board(board): forrowinboard:printrow print_board(board) 60 / 121
- 61. Lists and Functions Battleship!(1) #.joinmethodusesthestringtocombinetheitemsinthelist. fromrandomimportrandint board=[] forxinrange(5):board.append(["O"]*5) defprint_board(board): forrowinboard:print"".join(row) print"Let'splayBattleship!" print_board(board) #--- defrandom_row(board):returnrandint(0,len(board)-1) defrandom_col(board):returnrandint(0,len(board[0])-1) ship_row=random_row(board) ship_col=random_col(board) #printship_row #printship_col 61 / 121
- 62. Lists and Functions Battleship!(2) #Multilineifcondition,guess_rownotinrange(5) forturninrange(4): print"Turn",turn+1 guess_row=int(raw_input("GuessRow:")) guess_col=int(raw_input("GuessCol:")) ifguess_row==ship_rowandguess_col==ship_col: print"Congratulations!Yousankmybattleship!" break else: if(guess_row<0orguess_row>4)or (guess_col<0or guess_col>4): print"Oops,that'snotevenintheocean." elif(board[guess_row][guess_col]=="X"): print"Youguessedthatonealready." else: print"Youmissedmybattleship!" board[guess_row][guess_col]="X" print_board(board) ifturn==3: print"GameOver" 62 / 121
- 63. Agenda 1. Python Syntax 2.Strings and Console Output 3. Conditionals and Control Flow 4. Functions 5. Lists and Dictionaries 6. Lists and Functions 7. Loops 8. Advanced Topics in Python 9. Introduction to Classes 10. File Input and Output 63 / 121
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- 69. Loops forin Looping over aDictionary #3 phrase="Abirdinthehand..." forcharinphrase: ifchar=="A"orchar=="a": print"X", else: printchar, print #The,characterafterourprintstatementmeansthat #ournextprintstatementkeepsprintingonthesameline. #plus1space #--- #4Loopingoveradictionary d={'a':'apple','b':'berry','c':'cherry'} forkeyind: printkey+""+d[key] 69 / 121
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- 82. Agenda 1. Python Syntax 2.Strings and Console Output 3. Conditionals and Control Flow 4. Functions 5. Lists and Dictionaries 6. Lists and Functions 7. Loops 8. Advanced Topics in Python 9. Introduction to Classes 10. File Input and Output 82 / 121
- 83. Advanced Topics inPython List Comprehensions my_dict={ "Name":"Otong", "Age":23, "Title":"Dr" } printmy_dict.items() #[('Age',23),('Name','Otong'),('Title','Dr')] printmy_dict.keys() #['Age','Name','Title'] printmy_dict.values()#[23,'Otong','Dr'] forkeyinmy_dict:printkey,my_dict[key] #Age23 #NameOtong #TitleDr #Youshoulduseprinta,bratherthanprinta+""+b What if we wanted to generate a list according to some logic—for example, a list of all the even numbers from 0 to 50? List comprehensions are a powerful way to generate lists using the for/in and if keywords 83 / 121
- 84. Advanced Topics inPython List Comprehensions #1 evens_to_50=[iforiinrange(51)ifi%2==0] printevens_to_50 #[0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40,42,44,46,48,50] #--------------------------------------------------------- #2 new_list=[xforxinrange(1,6)] #=>[1,2,3,4,5] doubles=[x*2forxinrange(1,6)] #=>[2,4,6,8,10] doubles_by_3=[x*2forxinrange(1,6)if(x*2)%3==0]#=>[6] #--------------------------------------------------------- #3 doubles_by_3=[x*2forxinrange(1,6)if(x*2)%3==0] even_squares=[x**2forxinrange(1,12)ifx%2==0] printeven_squares#[4,16,36,64,100] #--------------------------------------------------------- 84 / 121
- 85. Advanced Topics inPython List Comprehensions #4 c=['C'forxinrange(5)ifx<3] printc#['C','C','C'] #--------------------------------------------------------- #5 cubes_by_four=[x**3forxinrange(1,11)if(x**3)%4==0] printcubes_by_four#[8,64,216,512,1000] #--------------------------------------------------------- #6 l=[i**2foriinrange(1,11)] #Shouldbe[1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100] printl[2:9:2]#[9,25,49,81]--2belakang,1diloncat #listslicing #[start:end:stride] #Wherestartdescribeswheretheslicestarts(inclusive),endiswhereitends(exclusive), #andstridedescribesthespacebetweenitemsintheslicedlist.Forexample,astrideof2 #wouldselecteveryotheritemfromtheoriginallisttoplaceintheslicedlist. #start&end-->index 85 / 121
- 86. Advanced Topics inPython List Comprehensions #7 to_five=['A','B','C','D','E'] printto_five[3:] #['D','E'] printto_five[:2] #['A','B'] printto_five[::2]#['A','C','E'] """ Thedefaultstartingindexis0. Thedefaultendingindexistheendofthelist. Thedefaultstrideis1. """ #--------------------------------------------------------- #8 my_list=range(1,11)#Listofnumbers1-10 printmy_list[::2]#[1,3,5,7,9] #--------------------------------------------------------- 86 / 121
- 87. Advanced Topics inPython List Comprehensions #9 letters=['A','B','C','D','E'] printletters[::-1]#['E','D','C','B','A']righttoleft #--------------------------------------------------------- #10 my_list=range(1,11) backwards=my_list[::-1] #--------------------------------------------------------- #11 to_one_hundred=range(101) backwards_by_tens=to_one_hundred[::-10] printbackwards_by_tens#[100,90,80,70,60,50,40,30,20,10,0] #--------------------------------------------------------- #12 to_21=range(1,22) odds=to_21[::2] middle_third=to_21[7:14] 87 / 121
- 88. Advanced Topics inPython Lambda - Anonymous Function Functional programming : means that you're allowed to pass functions around just as if they were variables or values. The function the lambda creates is an anonymous function. Lambdas are useful when you need a quick function to do some work for you. When we pass the lambda to filter, filter uses the lambda to determine what to filter, and the second argument (my_list, which is just the numbers 0 – 15) is the list it does the filtering on. #ekivalen lambdax:x%3==0 defby_three(x):returnx%3==0 #--------------------------------------------------------- #filter my_list=range(16) printfilter(lambdax:x%3==0,my_list) #ygbsdibagi3->[0,3,6,9,12,15] #--------------------------------------------------------- 88 / 121
- 89. Advanced Topics inPython Lambda - Anonymous Function languages=["HTML","JavaScript","Python","Ruby"] printfilter(lambdax:x=="Python",languages)#['Python'] #--------------------------------------------------------- cubes=[x**3forxinrange(1,11)] printfilter(lambdax:x%3==0,cubes) #--------------------------------------------------------- squares=[x**2forxinrange(1,11)] printfilter(lambdax:x>30andx<=70,squares)#[36,49,64] #--------------------------------------------------------- 89 / 121
- 90. Advanced Topics inPython Recap #Dictionary movies={ "MontyPythonandtheHolyGrail":"Great", "MontyPython'sLifeofBrian":"Good", "MontyPython'sMeaningofLife":"Okay" } printmovies.items() #forkeyinmovies:printkey,my_dict[key] #--------------------------------------------------------- #ComprehendingComprehensions squares=[x**2forxinrange(5)] threes_and_fives=[xforxinrange(1,16)ifx%3==0orx%5==0] 90 / 121
- 91. Advanced Topics inPython Recap #ListSlicing str="ABCDEFGHIJ" #str[start:end:stride]->start,end,stride=1,6,2 #--------------------------------------------------------- garbled="!XeXgXaXsXsXeXmXXtXeXrXcXeXsXXeXhXtXXmXaXXI" rev_garbled=garbled[::-1] message=rev_garbled[::2] printmessage #--------------------------------------------------------- #Lambda my_list=range(16) printfilter(lambdax:x%3==0,my_list) garbled="IXXXaXXmXaXXXnXoXXXXXtXhXeXXXXrXsXXXXeXcXXXrXeXtmXXeXsXXXsXaXXXXXXgXeX!XX" message=filter(lambdax:x!='X',garbled) printmessage 91 / 121
- 92. Advanced Topics inPython Bitwise Operators #bitwiseoperator print5>>4 #RightShift101->0 print5<<1 #LeftShift101->1010 print8&5 #BitwiseAND1000&0101->0 print9|4 #BitwiseOR print12^42#BitwiseXOR print~88 #BitwiseNOT #0|10|0|13|38|-89 #--------------------------------------------------------- #hasiloperasiprint->desimal print0b1, #1 print0b10, #2 print0b11, #3 print0b100, #4 print0b101, #5 print0b110, #6 print0b111 #7 #1234567 print0b1+0b11 #4 print0b11*0b11#9 92 / 121
- 93. Advanced Topics inPython Bitwise Operators one=0b1;two=0b10;three=0b11;four=0b100;five=0b101;six=0b110; seven=0b111;eight=0b1000;nine=0b1001;ten=0b1010;eleven=0b1011;twelve=0b1100 printeight #--------------------------------------------------------- printbin(1)#0b1 printbin(2)#0b10 printbin(3)#0b11 printbin(4)#0b100 printbin(5)#0b101 #--------------------------------------------------------- printint("1",2) #1 printint("10",2) #2 printint("111",2) #7 printint("0b100",2)#4 printint(bin(5),2) #5 #Printoutthedecimalequivalentofthebinary11001001. printint("0b11001001",2)#201 #base2semua,pakei0bataugak,sama 93 / 121
- 94. Advanced Topics inPython Bitwise Operators shift_right=0b1100 shift_left=0b1 shift_right=shift_right>>2 shift_left=shift_left<<2 printbin(shift_right) #0b11 printbin(shift_left) #0b100 #--------------------------------------------------------- printbin(0b1110&0b101)#0b100 printbin(0b1110|0b101)#0b1111 printbin(0b1110^0b101)#xor0b1011 #--------------------------------------------------------- print~1 #-2 print~2 #-3 print~3 #-4 print~42 #-43 print~123#-124 #thisisequivalenttoaddingonetothenumberandthenmakingitnegative. 94 / 121
- 95. Advanced Topics inPython Bitwise Operators #mask defcheck_bit4(input):#inputreserved? mask=0b1000 desired=input&mask ifdesired>0:return"on" else:return"off" #--------------------------------------------------------- a=0b10111011 mask=0b100 printbin(a|mask)#0b10111111 printbin(a^mask)#0b10111111 #--------------------------------------------------------- a=0b11101110 mask=0b11111111 #flip*semua*bita printbin(a^mask)#0b10001 #--------------------------------------------------------- defflip_bit(number,n): mask=(0b1<<(n-1)) result=number^mask returnbin(result) #xorkalaumask1nge-flip;kalomask0tetap 95 / 121
- 96. Agenda 1. Python Syntax 2.Strings and Console Output 3. Conditionals and Control Flow 4. Functions 5. Lists and Dictionaries 6. Lists and Functions 7. Loops 8. Advanced Topics in Python 9. Introduction to Classes 10. File Input and Output 96 / 121
- 97. Introduction to Classes Pythonis an object-oriented programming language, which means it manipulates programming constructs called objects. You can think of an object as a single data structure that contains data as well as functions; functions of objects are called methods. classFruit(object): """Aclassthatmakesvarioustastyfruits.""" def__init__(self,name,color,flavor,poisonous): self.name=name self.color=color self.flavor=flavor self.poisonous=poisonous defdescription(self): print"I'ma%s%sandItaste%s."%(self.color,self.name,self.flavor) defis_edible(self): ifnotself.poisonous:print"Yep!I'medible." else:print"Don'teatme!Iamsuperpoisonous." #--------------------------------------------------------- lemon=Fruit("lemon","yellow","sour",False) lemon.description() lemon.is_edible() 97 / 121
- 98. Introduction to Classes passdoesn'tdo anything, but it's useful as a placeholder in areas of your code where Python expects an expression __init__()function is required for classes, and it's used to initialize the objects it creates. __init__()always takes at least one argument, self, that refers to the object being created. You can think of __init__()as the function that "boots up" each object the class creates. We can access attributes of our objects using dot notation classAnimal(object):pass classAnimal(object): def__init__(self):pass classAnimal(object): def__init__(self,name):self.name=name zebra=Animal("Jeffrey") printzebra.name #--------------------------------------------------------- classSquare(object): def__init__(self):self.sides=4 my_shape=Square() printmy_shape.sides 98 / 121
- 99. Introduction to Classes classAnimal(object): """Makescuteanimals.""" def__init__(self,name,age,is_hungry): self.name=name self.age=age self.is_hungry=is_hungry #Notethatselfisonlyusedinthe__init__()function*definition*; #wedon'tneedtopassittoourinstanceobjects. zebra=Animal("Jeffrey",2,True) giraffe=Animal("Bruce",1,False) panda=Animal("Chad",7,True) printzebra.name,zebra.age,zebra.is_hungry#Jeffrey2True printgiraffe.name,giraffe.age,giraffe.is_hungry #Bruce1False printpanda.name,panda.age,panda.is_hungry #Chad7True 99 / 121
- 100. Introduction to Classes ClassScope Another important aspect of Python classes is scope. The scope of a variable is the context in which it's visible to the program. It may surprise you to learn that not all variables are accessible to all parts of a Python program at all times. When dealing with classes, you can have variables that are available everywhere (global variables), variables that are only available to members of a certain class (member variables), and variables that are only available to particular instances of a class (instance variables). 100 / 121
- 101. Introduction to Classes ClassScope variables: global, member, instance classAnimal(object): """Makescuteanimals.""" is_alive=True def__init__(self,name,age): self.name=name self.age=age zebra=Animal("Jeffrey",2) giraffe=Animal("Bruce",1) panda=Animal("Chad",7) printzebra.name,zebra.age,zebra.is_alive #Jeffrey2True printgiraffe.name,giraffe.age,giraffe.is_alive #Bruce1True printpanda.name,panda.age,panda.is_alive #Chad7True #is_alivemembervariable;name,ageinstancevariables 101 / 121
- 102. Introduction to Classes ClassScope classAnimal(object): is_alive=True def__init__(self,name,age): self.name=name self.age=age defdescription(self): printself.name printself.age hippo=Animal("Nil",5) hippo.description() #--------------------------------------------------------- hippo=Animal("Jake",12) cat=Animal("Boots",3) printhippo.is_alive #True hippo.is_alive=False printhippo.is_alive #False printcat.is_alive #True 102 / 121
- 103. Introduction to Classes ClassScope classAnimal(object): is_alive=True health="good" def__init__(self,name,age): self.name=name self.age=age defdescription(self): printself.name printself.age hippo=Animal("Nil",5) hippo.description() sloth=Animal("slothName",6) ocelot=Animal("ocelotName",7) printhippo.health #good printsloth.health #good printocelot.health#good #membervariable=classvariable(bukaninstance,availabletoallinst) 103 / 121
- 104. Introduction to Classes ClassScope classShoppingCart(object): """Createsshoppingcartobjects forusersofourfinewebsite.""" items_in_cart={} def__init__(self,customer_name): self.customer_name=customer_name defadd_item(self,product,price): """Addproducttothecart.""" ifnotproductinself.items_in_cart: self.items_in_cart[product]=price printproduct+"added." else: printproduct+"isalreadyinthecart." defremove_item(self,product): """Removeproductfromthecart.""" ifproductinself.items_in_cart: delself.items_in_cart[product] printproduct+"removed." else: printproduct+"isnotinthecart." 104 / 121
- 105. Introduction to Classes ClassScope my_cart1=ShoppingCart("Otong") my_cart2=ShoppingCart("Udjang") my_cart1.add_item("Obeng",2000) #Obengadded. my_cart1.add_item("Obeng",1000) #Obengisalreadyinthecart. printmy_cart1.items_in_cart #{'Obeng':2000} my_cart2.add_item("Sapu",2000) #Sapuadded. my_cart2.add_item("Sapu",1000) #Sapuisalreadyinthecart. printmy_cart2.items_in_cart #{'Obeng':2000,'Sapu':2000} my_cart1.add_item("Sapu",5000) #Sapuisalreadyinthecart. printmy_cart1.items_in_cart #{'Obeng':2000,'Sapu':2000} my_cart2.items_in_cart={'Buku':3000} printmy_cart2.items_in_cart #{'Buku':3000} printmy_cart1.items_in_cart #{'Obeng':2000,'Sapu':2000} my_cart2.add_item("Sapu",1000) #Sapuadded. printmy_cart2.items_in_cart #{'Sapu':1000,'Buku':3000} my_cart1.add_item("Dodol",10000)#Dodoladded. printmy_cart1.items_in_cart #{'Obeng':2000,'Sapu':2000,'Dodol':10000} printmy_cart2.items_in_cart #{'Sapu':1000,'Buku':3000} 105 / 121
- 106. Introduction to Classes Classescan be very useful for storing complicated objects with their own methods and variables. Defining a class is much like defining a function, but we use the class keyword instead. We also use the word object in parentheses because we want our classes to inherit the object class. This means that our class has all the properties of an object, which is the simplest, most basic class. Later we'll see that classes can inherit other, more complicated classes. Notes for Variables: To create instance variables, initialize them in the init function When Python sees self.X (object.X) it looks if there's a property X in your object, and if there is none, it looks at its class. 106 / 121
- 107. Introduction to Classes Inheritance Inheritanceis the process by which one class takes on the attributes and methods of another, and it's used to express an is-a relationship. For example, a Panda is a bear, so a Panda class could inherit from a Bear class. classCustomer(object): """Producesobjectsthatrepresentcustomers.""" def__init__(self,customer_id): self.customer_id=customer_id defdisplay_cart(self): print"I'mastringthatstandsinforthecontentsofyourshoppingcart!" classReturningCustomer(Customer): """Forcustomersoftherepeatvariety.""" defdisplay_order_history(self): print"I'mastringthatstandsinforyourorderhistory!" monty_python=ReturningCustomer("ID:12345") monty_python.display_cart() #Customer.display_cart monty_python.display_order_history() #ReturningCustomer 107 / 121
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- 110. Introduction to Classes Inheritance Sometimesyou'll want one class that inherits from another to not only take on the methods and attributes of its parent, but to override one or more of them. On the flip side, sometimes you'll be working with a derived class (or subclass) and realize that you've overwritten a method or attribute defined in that class' base class (also called a parent or superclass) that you actually need. Have no fear! You can directly access the attributes or methods of a superclass with Python's built-in super call. 110 / 121
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- 113. Introduction to Classes classCar(object): condition="new" def__init__(self,model,color,mpg): self.model=model;self.color=color;self.mpg=mpg defdisplay_car(self): return"Thisisa%s%swith%sMPG."%(self.color,self.model,str(self.mpg)) defdrive_car(self):self.condition="used" classElectricCar(Car): def__init__(self,model,color,mpg,battery_type): super(ElectricCar,self).__init__(model,color,mpg) self.battery_type=battery_type defdrive_car(self):self.condition="likenew" my_car=ElectricCar("DeLorean","silver",88,"moltensalt") printmy_car.condition#new my_car.drive_car()# printmy_car.condition#likenew my_car1=Car("DeLorean","silver",88) printmy_car1.condition #new printmy_car1.model #DeLorean printmy_car1.display_car() #ThisisasilverDeLoreanwith88MPG. my_car1.drive_car() printmy_car1.condition #used 113 / 121
- 114. Introduction to Classes Usually,classes are most useful for holding and accessing abstract collections of data. One useful class method to override is the built-in __repr__()method, which is short for representation; by providing a return value in this method, we can tell Python how to represent an object of our class (for instance, when using a print statement). classPoint3D(object): def__init__(self,x,y,z): self.x=x self.y=y self.z=z def__repr__(self): return"(%d,%d,%d)"%(self.x,self.y,self.z) my_point=Point3D(1,2,3) printmy_point#(1,2,3) 114 / 121
- 115. Agenda 1. Python Syntax 2.Strings and Console Output 3. Conditionals and Control Flow 4. Functions 5. Lists and Dictionaries 6. Lists and Functions 7. Loops 8. Advanced Topics in Python 9. Introduction to Classes 10. File Input and Output 115 / 121
- 116. File Input andOutput Built-in io functions Write #Generatesalistofsquaresofthenumbers1-10 my_list=[i**2foriinrange(1,11)] f=open("output.txt","w") foriteminmy_list:f.write(str(item)+"n") f.close() #ThistoldPythontoopenoutput.txtin"w"mode("w"standsfor"write"). #Westoredtheresultofthisoperationinafileobject,f. 116 / 121
- 117. File Input andOutput Write my_list=[i**2foriinrange(1,11)] my_file=open("output.txt","r+") foriinmy_list:my_file.write(str(i)+"n") my_file.close() #"r+"asasecondargumenttothefunctionsothe #filewillallowyoutoreadandwrite 117 / 121
- 118. File Input andOutput Read my_file=open("output.txt","r") printmy_file.read() my_file.close() #--- #ifwewanttoreadfromafilelinebyline, #ratherthanpullingtheentirefileinatonce. my_file=open("text.txt","r") printmy_file.readline() printmy_file.readline() printmy_file.readline() my_file.close() 118 / 121
- 119. File Input andOutput During the I/O process, data is buffered: this means that it is held in a temporary location before being written to the file. Python doesn't flush the buffer—that is, write data to the file—until it's sure you're done writing. One way to do this is to close the file. If you write to a file without closing, the data won't make it to the target file. #Openthefileforreading read_file=open("text.txt","r") #Useasecondfilehandlertoopenthefileforwriting write_file=open("text.txt","w") #Writetothefile write_file.write("NotclosingfilesisVERYBAD.") write_file.close() #Trytoreadfromthefile printread_file.read() read_file.close() 119 / 121
- 120. File Input andOutput File objects contain a special pair of built-in methods: __enter__()and __exit__(). The details aren't important, but what is important is that when a file object's __exit__()method is invoked, it automatically closes the file. How do we invoke this method? With with and as. withopen("text.txt","w")astextfile: textfile.write("Success!") #gakperluclose,closeautomatically #--------------------------------------------------------- f=open("bg.txt") f.closed #False f.close() f.closed #True #--------------------------------------------------------- withopen("text.txt","w")asmy_file: my_file.write("otong"); ifmy_file.closed==False:my_file.close() printmy_file.closed 120 / 121
- 121. Python - AnIntroduction END Eueung Mulyana | http://eueung.github.io/EL6240/py based on the material @Codecademy Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 121 / 121