The document discusses the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) pattern. It was designed for WPF applications to better separate the view layer from the rest of the application. MVVM divides an application into three main parts: the model, the view, and the view model. The view model acts as a mediator between the model and view. It keeps the view clean of any logic code and makes the view model testable without needing the view. This allows for clear separation of responsibilities and easier maintenance of the application.