University of Zakho Petroleum Engineering Department MATLAB Laboratory
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Experiment No. 4
Input / output of Variable
Characters and Text
To enter text into MATLAB, one can use single quotes. For example,
» S = 'Hello'
The result is not the same kind of numeric matrix or array we have been dealing
with up to now. The string is actually a vector whose components are the numeric
codes for the characters (the first 127 codes in ASCII). The length of S is the
number of characters. It is a 1-by-5 character array. A quote within the string is
indicated by two quotes.
Concatenation with square brackets joins text variables together into larger strings.
For example,
» h = ['MAT','LAB']
joins the strings horizontally and produces
h =
MATLAB
and the statement
» v = ['MAT';'LAB']
joins the strings vertically and produces
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University of Zakho Petroleum Engineering Department MATLAB Laboratory
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v =
MAT
LAB
Note that both words in v must have the same length. The resulting arrays are both
character arrays; h is 1-by-6 and v is 2-by-3.
Some String Function
Function Description
char (x) Converts the array x that contains positive
integers representing character codes into a
» char(100) MATLAB character array (the first 127
ans = codes in ASCII).
d
» char([72 69 76 76 79])
ans =
HELLO
double (s) converts the character array to a numeric
matrix containing floating point
» double('z') representations of the ASCII codes for each
ans = character.
122
» double('good')
ans =
103 111 111 100
strcat(S1,S2,...) joins S1, S2, ... variables horizontally
together into larger string.
» strcat('Hello','Ahmed')
ans =
Hello Ahmed
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University of Zakho Petroleum Engineering Department MATLAB Laboratory
______________________________________________________________________________________________
strvcat(S1,S2,...) joins S1, S2, ... variables vertically together
into larger string.
» strvcat('good','bye')
ans =
good
bye
S = num2str (x) converts the variable x into a string
representation s.
» num2str(20)
ans =
20 % as a string,
not a number
S = str2num (x) converts character array representation of a
matrix of numbers to a numeric matrix.
» str2num('20')
ans =
20
Note
The printable characters in the basic ASCII character set are represented by the
integers 32:127. (The integers less than 32 represent nonprintable control
characters). Try
» char(33:127)
Input of Variable
To enter matrix or vector or single element:
» x=input('parameter = ')
parameter = 2
x =
2
» x=input('parameter = ')
parameter= [2 4 6]
x =
2 4 6
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University of Zakho Petroleum Engineering Department MATLAB Laboratory
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» x=input('parameter = ')
Parameter = [1 2 3;9 5 6]
x =
1 2 3
4 5 6
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University of Zakho Petroleum Engineering Department MATLAB Laboratory
______________________________________________________________________________________________
To enter text:
» x = input('parameter = ')
parameter = 'ahmed'
x =
ahmed
» x = input('parameter= ','s')
parameter= ahmed
x =
ahmed
Output of Variable
The simplest way to display the output is the leaving of the semicolon for an
expression, or by using the disp (x) command. Where, if x is a string, the text is
displayed
» x=[1 2 3];
» x
x=
1 2 3
» disp (x)
1 2 3
Example:
» a = 60;
» b = a + 3;
» s = 'Ahmed took ';
» w = 'Mohammed took ';
» t = ' in AutoCAD';
» t = ' in Matlab';
» disp([s num2str(a) t]);
» disp([w num2str(b) t]);
The execution result is:
Ahmed took 60 in AutoCAD
Mohammed took 63 in Matlab
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University of Zakho Petroleum Engineering Department MATLAB Laboratory
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercises:
1- If x = [1 5 9; 2 7 4], then
a) Display the last two elements by using disp command.
b) Display the sum of each row as show below
The sum of 1st row =
The sum of 2nd row =
2- Write a program in M-File to read 3 × 3 Matrix, then display the diagonal of
matrix as shown below:
The Diagonal of This Matrix = [ ]
3- Below the lists of degrees for three students. Create M-file to calculate the
average for each student,.
Name Mathematic AutoCAD Electricity
Dilovan 77 68 80
Jin 82 74 73
Mohammed 69 89 80
Display the result as shown below
Name Degree
----------------------------
Dilovan ?
Jin ?
Mohammed ?
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