Ch2.
Internet Services
Information Retrieval: To visit any site, you need to type in the address of the particular website in the address bar. The
browser contacts the web server and requests the information. Web server sends the required information back to the
web browser. To display the web page, the browser downloads a copy of the homepage of that site on your computer.
E-Mail
Allows user to send and receive messages in real time.
Kipspublishingworld @ gmail . com Domain Extension
Username Domain Name
Domain Name: Location of the person’s account on the internet
Domain Extension: White type of organization is providing the e-mail account. Websites on the internet which provide
free e-mail facility: yahoo, gmail, rediffmail
Email Services:
1) Web Based E-Mail
Can be accessed by the users across the globe from any computer connected to the internet at any time. Eg: Gmail,
yahoo, MSN.
2) Application/Client Based E-Mail
Requires you to install a program on your computer to read the email. Eg: Outlook Express, Mozilla Thunderbird, Foxmail
Pop3 Server Address: The address one should configure to get the incoming mail. Post Office Protocol Version 3 is used
for retrieving e-mails from a remote web server using local client.
SMTP Server Address: The address one should configure to send an outgoing mail. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol used to
send messages with an e-mail client or software.
Cc (Carbon Copy): Using this option, one can send the same email to several recipients at the same time, and the email
addresses mentioned in this field are visible to all the recipients of the mail.
Bcc (Blind Carbon Copy): Using this option, you can send several recipients the same email but the list of recipients is not
shared with everyone.
SPAM JUNK
For the purpose of advertisement for new products. Attempts to spread viruses or block the internet
Contains mail from known contacts Comes from unknown sources
Search Engine is an application that helps a user in finding information or documents from the internet.
1) Visit a search engine. 2) Conduct the search. 3) View the search results
Query Google Web Server Index Server Doc Server Google User
1. Web server sends query to index server.
2. Query travels to the doc server, which retrieves the stored documents.
3. Search results are returned to the user.
Popular search engines: altavista.com, www.google.com, www.bing.com, www.yahoo.com
Spider/WebCrawler: Efficient software called spiders continuously crawl on the web to comb out any newly published
web document or newsletter and find their web addresses. They compile a massive list of matching results of URLs.
Indexing Software: Spiders send the list of documents and their web address to the indexing software which extracts
important information from them and prepares and index. Info is then stored in a database and is used at the time of
searching.
Search Algorithm: Search engines search its indexed database using a sequential method called search algorithm.
- To get exact results, add the query in double quotes. If not, google will produce a search result based on individual
words from the query.
- To search the exact quote, enclose the text in double quotes and add an asterisk. “There is nothing *expect change”
-To ensure a word or phrase must appear in the search result, add a plus sign before the search. Likewise use a minus
sign to remove certain words or phrases from the query result.
- To compare add “vs” between the search items
- Search in lowercase words is not case sensitive, but search is uppercase words is.
Websites to search for people on the Internet:
1) pipl.com 2) truepeoplesearch.com 3) findpeoplesearch.com 4) peekyou.com
5) classmates.com 6) ancestory.com 7) addresses.com
FTP Protocol (FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL)
Standard Internet protocol for exchanging files between two or more computers on the internet. FTP Uses TCP/IP to
upload or download files to our computers from other sources.
FTP Server: Is a computer that has an FTP address just like an http website.
FTP Client: Initiates a request to the FTP server for connecting using the FTP protocol.
Requirements to connecting to FTP server: Must install FTP client software. Can also connect to an online FTP server
using its web address, username and password. Ftp addresses:
1) ftp://ftp.freestone.net/ 2) ftp://ftp.ussg.iu.edu 3) ftp://ftp.heanet/ie/
SSH (Secure Socket Shell) Protocol
Used for securing data over an unsecured network. Establishes a secure connection between the client and host
computer through remote command execution for transferring data over a network. Was designed as a replacement for
Telnet.
SCP (Secure Copy Protocol)
Helps in moving files between two connected machines over a network in an encrypted form. Ensures the authenticity
and confidentiality of the data over an unsecured network.
SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol)
Allows files and data transfer over a secured network. Sends data and commands by encrypting it in a binary form,
thereby making it secure. Data also travels faster.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
Used for transferring emails between two or more servers. Generally sends the message from a mail client to a mail
server. Capable of only sending texts.
POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3)
Helps to retrieve emails from a remote web server using a local client. Has a unique address provided by the email
service provider.
Telnet
A protocol used for accessing a remote computer. Consists of different networks, multiple computers using different
kinds of hardware and operating systems. Telnet allows the user to login on the remote computer system using the
correct login.
Chat
IM (Instant Messaging) - Private chat room where both users must be online at the same time. Instant messaging.
Examples: Google Hangouts, Windows Live Messenger, AOL Messenger, IMO, Skype IM, etc.
IRC (Internet Relay Chat) - Allows people to communicate with each other in real time through text based messages. Not
limited to just two participants. Works on the client/server model. Must download an IRC client program on your
computer. Eg: mIRC for Windows, IRCle for Mac OS, IRC2 for Unix OS, etc.
ICQ (I seek you) - Communication program enabling people to chat send emails and transfer files to each other. Allows
to create a list of your friends, family and other contacts. Must install ICQ software.
Web-Based- Conducted on a browser, generally provided by a webmail provider such as google, facebook.
Video Conferencing
A phone call with pictures that allows multiple people sitting at geographically different locations to communicate with
each other by exchanging video and audio at the same time. Eg: Skype, Adobe Connect, Oovoo, Yugma, Ekiga, IMO
Advantages: Makes it easier to connect with people from different regions, a more economical means of communication
as companies can save on travel and hotel costs. Increases business productivity and makes it more efficient and
organized.
Disadvantages: Technical difficulties are prominent and a fast internet connection is often required. There’s also a slight
delay between responses which can disrupt the natural flow of the conversation.
e-Learning
GynaDarsh- Offers educational programmes for a wide range of users
Open Education Resource (OER), Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)
Coursera, edx, National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
e-Learning tools: Moodle, eFront, Adobe Captivate, Udacity, Udemy, Articulate, Skillshare, etc.
Advantages: Cost Effective, Self-paced, consistent delivery, flexibility, easy to update, easy to understand concepts,
effectively manageable and easy to conduct trainings.
Disadvantages: Lack of interaction, health problems, lack of practical skills and dependence on technology.
e-Banking
Way of performing bank transactions using the internet.
www.statebankofindia.com, www.pnbindia.com, www.hdfcbank.com
PC Banking is where a person uses a personal computer to access banking information. Requires Personal Financial
Management Softwares: Quicken, Microsoft Monkey, etc
Mobile Banking refers to making financial transactions using a mobile device like smartphone, tablet, etc.
SMS Messaging, which involves getting alerts and account information through registered mobile number.
Mobile Web, which works similar to an online account access from a home based computer.
Mobile banking applications which allow you to connect and access complete banking functionality directly through the
bank server.
Disadvantages: Unauthorized access to systems, intrusion of malware including bugs and viruses and preventing rightful
user from accessing the system.
e-Shopping
Buying products and services over the internet. Ebay.in, flipkart.com, homeshop18.com, mynta.com, snapdeal.com,
letsbuy.com
Advantages: Convenience, information and reviews, price and selection, compulsive shopping
Disadvantages: Online security of payments, costly shipping of products, hassle in returning the product, risks of online
frauds and scams, unexpected shut down of the sit as soon as the customer pays for the items.
e-Reservation
Making a reservation or appointment for a service via the internet. Hotel reservations, travel tickets reservation, movie
tickets reservation, events reservation, sports/matches reservation.
Examples: www.irctc.co.in, www.makemytrip.com, www.bookmyshow.com
Advantages: Accessible anywhere, cost cutting because of gift coupons, commission free, quick system, changes and
cancellations, customer reviews, safe and reliable
e-Governance
Integrating of Information and Communication Technology in government processes, services and communications.
Helps the government to improve the efficiency of service delivery and exchange of information, strengthening
democracy.
Unique Identification Authority of India - www.uidai.gov.in
Helps user to locate local Aadhar enrolment centers, check status and download Aadhar cards.
Consulate, Passport, Visa Division, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India – www.passportindia.gov.in
Download and print e-forms, apply for passports and visas, check application status and book appointments
Income Tax Department Portal - www.incometax.gov.in
File income tax, access information regarding tax policies and check application status, apply for PAN and TAN cards
Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India - www.mca.gov.in
Files for incorporation, submit commercial tax online, submit fees, view public documents, obtain copies of registration
certificates
E-courts Services – http://ecourts.gov.in
Gives access to online judicial services linked in india.
Controller General of Patents, Designs, and Trademarks – comprehensive e-filing portal
File and obtain certified copies of priority documents, make payments and apply for patents
Central Public Procurement Portal – e-Procurement system
Enables tenderers to download the tender schedule and submit bids online
National Portal of India – www.india.gov.in/
Provides information and access to information and services provided by different departments under the gov. of india
All of these are part of National e-governance Plan (NeGP). Digital India launched on 1 July, 2015 by Narendra Modi.
UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New age Governance) is a free mobile application launched by the government
of India to provide services like
Advantages: Expanded reach of government, increased convenience, high transparency, reduced corruption, direct
participation of constituents, reduction in overall cost.
Disadvantages: Less availability of internet services in rural areas, portals remaining vulnerable to cyber-attacks, lack of
awareness among people, many services still not being a part of e-governance.
e-Groups
Yahoo.com, groups.google.com
Advantages: Easily accessible, provide valuable real life experiences and up to date information, active and supportive
community.
Disadvantages: Communication is only text based, not live, different opinions may take the discussions to different
directions.
Social Networking
An online platform that focuses on facilitating the building of social networks or social relations among people who
share interests. Examples are facebook, twitter, linkedin.
Advantages: Easier to connect, create new connections, free business promotions, aids in criminal cases, spreads
information incredibly fast.
Disadvantages: Cyber bullying, Less real life interaction, addiction, misleading information, misuse of information, fake
profiles, peer pressure.
Ethics: Fairness perspective, virtue perspective, utilitarian perspective, right perspective.
Mobile Technologies
SMS (SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE): Quick and convenient way to send short messages on mobile devices. Limitation of 160
characters per message. If a msg is longer, broken up into multiple segments of 160ch.
MMS (MULTIMEDIA MESSAGING SERVICE): You can include multimedia content like pictures, audio, video. Doesn’t have
a standard limit, most carriers can reliably carry up to 300kb multimedia at a time.
3G: Introduced in 1998. Faster internet speed, higher data transmission rates. Made streaming of audio and video files
possible without any interruption. Provides data transmission rate up to 2mbps.
4G: IP Based packet switching integrated system with a high speed data transmission rate of 100mbps to 1gpbs. Widely
used in broadcast and satellite communication.
