Motion - Class 9 Physics Notes (Part 1)
1. Introduction to Motion
- An object is said to be in motion if it changes its position with respect to time.
- Examples: Moving train, walking person, flying bird.
2. Types of Motion
(i) Translational Motion:
- Rectilinear: Movement in a straight line (e.g., car on a highway).
- Curvilinear: Movement along a curved path (e.g., ball thrown in air).
(ii) Rotational Motion:
- Rotation around a fixed axis (e.g., fan blades).
(iii) Oscillatory Motion:
- To-and-fro motion about a mean position (e.g., pendulum, swing).
3. Distance and Displacement
Distance: Scalar quantity, total path length traveled.
Displacement: Vector quantity, shortest path between two points.
Example: Walk 4 m east, then 3 m west.
- Distance = 7 m
- Displacement = 1 m east
4. Speed and Velocity
- Speed = Distance / Time (scalar, unit: m/s)
- Velocity = Displacement / Time (vector, unit: m/s)
5. Acceleration
- Acceleration = (Final velocity - Initial velocity) / Time
- Unit: m/s²
- Positive: Speeding up | Negative: Slowing down
Example: u=20 m/s, v=30 m/s, t=5 s => a = (30-20)/5 = 2 m/s²
6. Uniform and Non-Uniform Motion
Uniform Motion: Equal distance in equal time, speed constant.
Non-uniform Motion: Unequal distances in equal time, speed varies.
7. Equations of Motion
v = u + at
s = ut + 1/2 at²
v² = u² + 2as
Where u = initial velocity, v = final velocity, a = acceleration, t = time, s = displacement
Sample Questions:
Q1. Define displacement.
Ans: Shortest distance between initial and final point, vector quantity.
Q2. A car covers 40 km in 2 hours. Find speed.
Ans: Speed = 40/2 = 20 km/h
