Input, Output,

and Storage
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Define input and describe the available types of
keyboards and pointing devices
• Describe scanning and image-capturing device
types and features
• Define output and explain the types of output
devices available
• Differentiate between types of monitors and
explain their features
Input, Output, and Storage 2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES (cont.)

• Differentiate between types of printers and

identify the best printer for a task
• Classify storage devices according to their
capacities, interface, and media
• Explain cloud and network storage and identify
online and network-based storage technologies

Input, Output, and Storage 3

Keyboards

• QWERTY layout
• Function keys
• Toggle keys
• Modifier keys
• Positional keys

Input, Output, and Storage 4

Specialty Keyboards

• Wireless
§ Bluetooth
§ Infrared
• Ergonomic
• Bilingual
• Virtual

Input, Output, and Storage 5

Pointing Devices

• Mouse
§ Mechanical (ball) or optical
§ Corded or cordless
• Trackball
• Touchpad
• Touch screen
• Joystick
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Drawing Tablet

• Inkless pen called a stylus

• Used for creating digital artwork

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Sensory Input Devices

• Global Positioning System (GPS)

• Accelerometer
• Compass
• Gyroscope

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Scanning Devices

• Digitizes hard copy

• Uses a photosensitive charge-coupled device
(CCD)
• Types of scanners
§Flatbed
§Document feeder
§Bar code reader
§Business card scanner
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Other Input Devices
• Magnetic card reader
• Optical mark recognition (OMR)
• Magnetic character recognition (MICR)
• Radio frequency (RF) ID chip
• Biometric authentication devices
§ Fingerprint scanner
§ Facial recognition software and camera
§ Retina scanner
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Capture Devices

• Digital camera
• Digital video camera
• Web cam

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Audio Input Devices

• Audio adapter (sound card)

• Microphone
§ Voice recognition software
§ Speech recognition software

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Display Screens

• Video screen the computer uses

to provide information to a
human user
• Display is made up of individual
dots called pixels

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Current Monitor
Technologies
• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
§ Active vs. Passive Matrix
• Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
• Organic LED (OLED)
• E-paper
• Digital/smart whiteboard
• Digital projector
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Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
• Older technology, mostly obsolete
• Large vacuum tube with electron guns that strike
phosphors to light up the screen
• Triads of red, green, and blue phosphors

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Resolution

• Measured in horizontal and vertical pixels, such

as 1024 x 768
• Each display has a maximum (native) resolution
• LCD and LED displays look best at their native
resolution
• Aspect ratio is ratio of width to height, such as
4:3 or 16:9
Input, Output, and Storage 16
Resolution

Input, Output, and Storage 17

Other Measures of
Monitor Performance
• Refresh rate
§ Number of times per second each pixel is refreshed
§ Mostly an issue on CRTs; insufficient refresh rate can
cause flickering
• Color depth
§ Number of bits required to describe the color of each
pixel
§ 32-bit or 16-bit is the norm for most operating systems
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Display Adapter
• The hardware that helps the operating system
communicate to the monitor what should be displayed
• May be built into the motherboard or may be a
separate circuit board installed on the motherboard
• If separate, has its own memory
• Requires a device driver installed in the operating
system

Input, Output, and Storage 19

Printers
• Factors to Consider:
• Initial cost
• Per-page cost (consumables
• Resolution (dots per inch)
• Speed
• Color
• Paper handling
• Interface
• Multiple functions
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Impact vs. Non-Impact

• Impact printers strike an

inked ribbon to make a mark
on the paper
§ Dot matrix printers are still
used in industrial settings
§ They print on multi-part
forms

Input, Output, and Storage 21

Impact vs. Non-Impact

•Non-impact printers lay the ink or toner

down on the paper without striking it
§ Inkjet
§ Laser
§ Thermal
§ Plotter

Input, Output, and Storage 22

Inkjet printer

• Sprays liquid ink onto the page

• Separate ink cartridges: black,
cyan, magenta, yellow
• Some printers can print photos
very realistically
• Initial cost of the printer can be
very low
• Ink is expensive
Input, Output, and Storage 23
Impact vs. Non-Impact

• Uses powdered toner

• Can be color or black-
and-white
• Initial cost is higher than
inkjet
• Cost per page of toner is
low

Input, Output, and Storage 24

Laser Printer
Printing Process
• Drum inside printer is negatively charged
• A laser partly neutralizes the charge in certain areas
• Toner clings to the neutralized areas
• Paper is charged so that toner jumps off onto paper
• Fuser heats the paper, melting the toner into the paper

Input, Output, and Storage 25

Comparing Printer Types
Dot Matrix Inkjet Laser
Initial Cost Medium Inexpensive Expensive
Per-page Cost Inexpensive Expensive Inexpensive
Resolution Poor Good Good
Speed Slow Medium Fast
Color No Yes Some models
Paper handling Continuous feed Single low- Multiple high-capacity
capacity tray trays (some models)
Suitable for Multi-part forms, Photo printing, Business printing, high-
text-only printouts home use volume printing
Input, Output, and Storage 26
Specialty Printers

•Thermal
§Direct thermal
§Thermal wax transfer
§Thermal dye transfer
•Plotter

Input, Output, and Storage 27

Storage Devices
• Primary storage: memory
• Secondary storage: disks and solid-state drives
• Evaluations of storage:
§ Capacity
§ Cost
§ Access speed
§ Interface
§ Media type
§ Portability
§ Removability

Input, Output, and Storage 28

File Storage Vocabulary
• File: a named collection of bits that represent a single
object
• Folder: A logical organizing unit for files
• Volume: A physical storage device or a portion of one
that is assigned an identifying letter
• Drive: A physical storage device, or the mechanical
parts that spin a disk so that data can be written and
read on it
• Disk: A spinning platter that holds data
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Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
• A mechanical storage drive
• Consists of a stack of metal platters
• Read-write heads access the stored data
• Data is stored in binary form in changes between positive
and negative magnetic polarity

Input, Output, and Storage 30

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Input, Output, and Storage 31

Optical Drives

• CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray

• Reads and writes in patterns of greater or lesser
reflectivity

Input, Output, and Storage 32

Types of Discs

• CD, DVD, Blu-ray

• Read-only, write-once, or rewriteable
• Single-sided or double-sided
• Single-layer, double-layer

Input, Output, and Storage 33

Types of Discs

Input, Output, and Storage 34

Solid-State Drives

• Use a form of EEPROM (memory)

to store data
• Small, removable drives like USB
flash drives are portable
• Large solid state drives designed
to replace the hard disk drive are
solid-state hard drives (SSHD)

Input, Output, and Storage 35

Network Storage Vocabulary
• Direct-attached storage: Local storage,
connected directly to the computer
• Network-attached storage: Storage accessed via
a network
• NAS appliance: A specialize device that provides
storage space to network users
• Storage-area network: Network-accessed storage
that appears to the user as local storage
Input, Output, and Storage 36
RAID

•Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks

§RAID0: Striping for performance
§RAID1: Mirroring for data security
§RAID5: Striping with parity, for both
performance and data security

Input, Output, and Storage 37

Cloud Storage

•Cloud: A secure computing environment

accessed online
•Cloud storage: Storage that is accessed
from a cloud environment

Input, Output, and Storage 38

Troubleshooting

Input, Output, and Storage 39

Troubleshooting

Input, Output, and Storage 40

Troubleshooting

Input, Output, and Storage 41

summary
1. List three input devices and three output devices.
2. How do wireless input devices communicate with the
computer?
3. Explain briefly how LCD and CRT technologies form
screen images.
4. List three types of printers and give an example of an
appropriate use for each one.
5. Explain how HDD and SSHD differ internally.
6. Differentiate between DAS, NAS, SAN, and cloud
storage.
Input, Output, and Storage 42
REFERENCES

Wempen, F. (2015). Computing Fundamentals

Introduction to Computers. Hoboken, N.J. John
Wiley & Sons

Input, Output, and Storage 43