1.

Write a C++ program to sort the elements in ascending and

descending order.
#include <iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int num[100] , n;
int i, j, man;
clrscr();
cout<<"\n Enter the size of an array"<<endl;
cin>>n;
cout<<"\n Enter values for the array elements"<<endl;
for( i=0; i<n; i++ )
{

cin>>num[i];
}
For (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(num[i]<num[j])
{
man=num[i];
num[i]=num[j];
num[j]=man;
}
}
}
cout<<"\n Elements in ascending order "<<endl;
for (i=0; <n; i++)
{
cout<<"\t"<<num[i]<<endl;
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(num[i]>num[j])
{
man=num[i];
num[i]=num[j];
num[j]=man;
}
}
}
cout<<" \n Elements in descending order"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cout<<"\t "<<num[i]<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter the size of an array
5
Enter values for the array elements
9 2 5 1 0
Elements in ascending order
0 1 2 5 9
Elements in descending order
9 5 2 1 0
2. Write a C++ program to find the sum of all the natural numbers from 1 to n.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, sum = 0;
cout << "Enter a positive integer: ";
cin >> n;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
sum += i;
}
cout << "Sum = " << sum;
return 0;
}
Output:

Enter a positive integer: 9

Sum = 45

3. Write a C++ program to swap 2 values by writing a function that uses call by reference
technique.

#include<iostream> int main()

using namespace std; { int x=500, y=100;
void swap(int &x, int &y) swap(x, y); // pass by reference
{ int swap; cout<<"Value of x is: "<<x<<endl;
swap=x; cout<<"Value of y is: "<<y<<endl;
x=y; return 0;
y=swap; }
}
Output

Value of x is: 100

Value of y is: 500

4. Write a C++ program to demonstrate function overloading for the following prototypes.

// overload.cpp int main()

void add(int a, int b); {
void add(double a, double b); add(10, 2);
#include <iostream> add(5.3, 6.2);
using namespace std; return 0;
void add(int a, int b) }
{ Output:
cout << " \n sum = " << (a + b); sum = 12
} sum = 11.5
void add(double a, double b)
{
cout << " \n sum = " << (a + b);
}

5. Create a class named Shape with a function that prints "This is a shape". Create another class
named Polygon inheriting the Shape class with the same function that prints "Polygon is a
shape". Create two other classes named Rectangle and Triangle having the same function which
prints "Rectangle is a polygon" and "Triangle is a polygon" respectively. Again, make another
class named Square having the same function which prints "Square is a rectangle". Now, try
calling the function by the object of each of these classes.
// shape.cpp class Square: public Rectangle
#include <iostream> {
using namespace std; public:
class Shape Square(){}
{ void print(){
public: cout<<"\nSquare is a Rectangle.";
Shape(){} }
void print(){ };
cout<<"\nThis is a shape."; int main()
} {
}; Shape S;
class Polygon: public Shape Polygon P;
{ Rectangle R;
public: Triangle T;
Polygon(){} Square Sq;
void print(){ S.print();
cout<<"\nPolygon is a shape."; P.print();
} R.print();
}; T.print();
class Rectangle: public Polygon Sq.print();
{ return 0;
public: }
Rectangle(){}
void print(){
cout<<"\nRectangle is a Polygon.";
}
};
class Triangle: public Polygon
{
public:
Triangle(){}
void print(){
cout<<"\nTriangle is a Polygon.";
}
};

6. Suppose we have three classes Vehicle, FourWheeler, and Car. The class Vehicle is the base
class, the class FourWheeler is derived from it and the class Car is derived from the class
FourWheeler. Class Vehicle has a method 'vehicle' that prints 'I am a vehicle', class
FourWheeler has a method 'fourWheeler' that prints 'I have four wheels', and class Car has a
method 'car' that prints 'I am a car'. So, as this is a multi-level inheritance; we can have access
to all the other class methods from the object of the class Car. We invoke all the methods from a
Car object and print the corresponding outputs of the methods. So, if we invoke the methods in
this order, car(), fourWheeler(), and vehicle(), then the output will be

I am a car
I have four wheels
I am a vehicle
Write a C++ program to demonstrate multilevel inheritance using this.

// mlevel.cpp class Car : public FourWheeler

#include <iostream> {
using namespace std; public:
class Vehicle Car()
{ {
public: cout<<"I am a car\n";
vehicle() }
{ };
cout<<"I am a vehicle\n";
}
}; int main()
class FourWheeler : public Vehicle {
{ Car obj;
public: obj.car();
fourWheeler() obj.fourWheeler();
{ obj.vehicle();
cout<<"I have four wheels\n"; return 0;
} }
};