Brief History of the Internet
The internet was developed in the United States by the “
Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" (DARPA).
It was first connected in October, 1969, and was called ARPANET.
The World Wide Web was created at CERN in Switzerland in 1990 by
a British (UK) man named Tim Berners-Lee.
ARPANET is considered the first known group of interconnected
computers “The internet”.
Internet
Internet is a global network that connects billions of computers across the
world with each other and to the World Wide Web. Internet is called a
network as it creates a network by connecting computers and servers
across the world using routers, switches and telephone lines, and other
communication devices and channels.
Types of Network
A computer network is a group of computers linked to each other that
enables the computer to communicate with another computer and share
their resources, data, and applications.
i. LAN(Local Area Network) ii. PAN(Personal Area Network)
iii. MAN(Metropolitan Area Network) iv WAN(Wide Area Network)
LAN(Local Area Network)
Local Area Network is a group of computers
connected to each other in a small area such
as building, office.
LAN is used for connecting two or more
personal computers through a communication
medium such as twisted pair, coaxial cable,
etc.
PAN(Personal Area Network)
Personal Area Network is used for
connecting the computer devices of
personal use is known as Personal
Area Network.
Thomas Zimmerman was the first
research scientist to bring the idea of
the Personal Area Network.
Personal Area Network covers an area
of 30 feet.
Personal computer devices that are used to develop the personal area
network are the laptop, mobile phones, media player and play
stations.
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
o A metropolitan area network is a
network that covers a larger
geographic area by interconnecting
a different LAN to form a larger
network connected to each other
through a telephone exchange line.
WAN(Wide Area Network)
A Wide Area Network is not limited
to a single location, but it spans
over a large geographical area
through a telephone line, fibre optic
cable or satellite links.
Terminologies of the Internet
i. Online ii. Hyperlink / Hypertext/Link iii. Webpage iv. Websites
v. Homepage vi. World Wide Web (WWW)
vii. Web Address / (URL Uniform Resource Locater)
viii. DNS (Domain Name System) ix. IP (Internet Protocol ) Address
Protocol
A network protocol is a set of rules for formatting data so that all
connected devices can process it
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTTPs (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
TCP /IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol)
Post office Protocol (POP) : POP3 is designed for receiving incoming E-
mails.
Application of Internet
i. Communication i. Email ii. Chatting iii. Video Conferencing
ii. Searching Information iii. Social Networking
iii. Online Games and Entertainment v. E-Commerce
vi. Education vii. Online Banking viii. Health and Medicine
Component of Internet
i. Web Client ii. Web Server iii. Web Browser
iv. Internet Service Provider v. MODEM (Modulator and Demodulator)
Email
Electronic mail is the most popular and convenint way of sending and
receiving messages through the internet.
Difference between Postal Mail and Email
1. Postal mail is the traditional way of sending physical mail which takes
a few days to deliver. Email is the fastest way to send digital message
all across the world within a fraction of seconds.
2. Postal mail is chargeable and the cost increases with the distance and
the weight. It is the cheaper way to send mail with bulky content.
3. Postal mail it is an expensive process to send the same letter to
multiple recipients. Through email same mail can send multiple
addresses in cc or bcc with no extra cost.
4. The recipient can receive a mail only at the proper geographical
location. In email it can be accessed from any computer and any
location over the world using the logical address.
Advantage of Email
1. Sending and receiving email is a fast way of communicating.
2. Emails can be sent anytime.
3. Emails can be sent to one or multiples recipients without muct effort
and no cost. 4. It is an inexpensive way of mailing.
Components of Email Address
1. Username 2. @sign 3. Domain name
Structure of an Email Message
Header
->From ->To
->Cc (Carbon Copy) Used when we want the same message to be sent
to a large group of people at the same time.
->Bcc (Blind Carbon Copy) used when you want to send a copy of an
email to another person without bring it to the knowledge of the
recipient.
->Subject
Body ->Attachment ->Date
Features of Email:
1. Creating an Email Account 2. Composing an Email
3. Receiving and Reading the Mails in the Inbox.
4. Replying and Forwarding an Email.
5. Common Folders in Mailbox
a. Inbox b. Sent c. Draft d. Spam d. Trash
Introduction to Social Media
i. Blogs : A Website owned by a person or an organization and
containing posts in the form of a discussion or informal conversation is a
called a Blog.
A Blogger is a person who runs and updates a blog.
ii. Twitter iii. Facebook iv. YouTube v. WhatsApp Messenger
