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Selection Construct

This document discusses selection and conditional branching in algorithms. It covers: - There are three basic control structures: sequential, selection, and iteration. Selection means the program will do something based on a condition. - Selection structures require relational operators like =, <, > to compare values. - There are three levels of selection: IF-THEN for a single action, IF-THEN-ELSE for two possible actions, and IF-THEN-ELSE-IF for multiple possible actions. - Examples are given of pseudocode and Pascal programs using IF-THEN and IF-THEN-ELSE to check conditions and perform different actions based on the results.

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3K views13 pages

Selection Construct

This document discusses selection and conditional branching in algorithms. It covers: - There are three basic control structures: sequential, selection, and iteration. Selection means the program will do something based on a condition. - Selection structures require relational operators like =, <, > to compare values. - There are three levels of selection: IF-THEN for a single action, IF-THEN-ELSE for two possible actions, and IF-THEN-ELSE-IF for multiple possible actions. - Examples are given of pseudocode and Pascal programs using IF-THEN and IF-THEN-ELSE to check conditions and perform different actions based on the results.

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SELECTION

STATEMENT/CONDITIONAL
BRANCHING
Standard
• Every algorithm can be constructed using only
sequencing, selection and iteration

There are three


control structures
Control Structures
• Sequential means each line is executed line by
line
• Selection means the program will do
something based on a condition
• Iteration means a command is repeated
multiple times
Categories of Selection
• There are THREE basic levels of Selection:
• IF THEN: This is used when there is only one thing that may
be done
on a condition.
IF THEN ELSE: This is used when One of TWO things may be
done
depending on the truthfulness or falsity of a
condition
IF THEN ELSE IF: This is used if TWO or MORE things can be
done
depending on the Truthfulness or falsity of an
algorithm
Relational Operators
• Selection control structures requires us to use relational
operators. Relational implies comparing two or more things:
Algorithm Pascal Meaning
= = Equal to
< < Less than
> > Greater than
<= <= Less than or equal to

>= >= Greater than or equal


to
<> <> Not equal to
= = Not equal to
IF THEN
• We will now look at the format for writing IF
THEN statements in our programs. The rest we
will explore later.

• Here is the format in algorithm:


– IF (condition) THEN
• Do Something
– ENDIF
Problem Statement
Write a pseudocode and pascal program to call a
person at 65 and older as being “Truly Blessed”.
Pseudocode (answer)
START
Declare age as INTEGER
PRINT ‘‘ Please enter your age”
Read age
IF (age >=65) THEN
PRINT “You are Truly blessed”
ENDIF
STOP
Pascal(answer)
Program Blessings;
VAR
Age:integer;
BEGIN
Writeln(‘This program will determine the age of a person at 65 and
older as blessed’);
Writeln(‘Please enter your age’);
Read(age);
If(age>=65)then
BEGIN
Writeln(‘You are really blessed’);
End;
End.
What if in the very same IF THEN Statement we
were to execute two or more statements ,
then we would have to use a new pair of
BEGIN and END statements. These act like
brackets around statements that follow THEN.
Here’s an example
Write a Pascal statement that gives a 10%
discount to a customer that spends 100 or
more.
Pascal(answer)
PROGRAM LessMoney;
VAR
Discount,total:real;
BEGIN
Writeln(‘This program is designed to give customers a 10% discount if
they spend $100 or more’);
If(total>=100)then
BEGIN
Discount:=total*0.10;
Total:=total-discount;
Writeln(‘Customer received a total of, ‘total’);
End;
End.
Let’s look at a few
questions now in
groups of two.

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