Have you seen or heard
someone giving a speech
before?
What was their speech
about? What kind of
speech was it?
Image from:
storyset.com
TYPES OF SPEECHES
Different modes of delivery
Reading from a Manuscript
• Appropriate when the speech is long
and details are complicated and
essential
• Appropriate when asked to give a
speech on behalf of another speaker
• Force, naturalness, and eye contact
may be diminished as eyes travel
from the page to the audience and
vice versa
TYPES OF SPEECHES
Different modes of delivery
Memorized Speech
• Requires speaker to commit
everything to memory
• Excellent for short messages, but
also used for long pieces (oratorical,
declamation, & other literary
contests)
• Also poses a challenge in
naturalness
• Worst experience is to forget the
lines and fail to shift smoothy to
TYPES OF SPEECHES
Different modes of delivery
Extemporaneous Speaking
• May have short and long
preparation
• May use an outline to guide through
the speech for better organization
and avoid leaving out details
• Necessitates speaker to format
sentences while speaking
• A good extemporaneous speaker
must be spontaneous.
TYPES OF SPEECHES
Different modes of delivery
Impromptu
• Speaking at the spur of the moment
• Content and organization may suffer
due to little to no time for
preparation given
• May not deliver the best thought in
the best way but it brings out the
most natural thing to say at the
moment
TYPES OF SPEECHES
Different occasions
Informative Speech
• Shares information about a particular
person, place, object, process,
concept, or issue by defining,
describing, or explaining
• Some examples are a report
presented to coworkers, a teacher
presenting information to his or her
class, and a training session for a job
Libretexts. (2022, September 8). 1.5: Types of speeches and speaking
occasions. Social Sci LibreTexts.
TYPES OF SPEECHES
Different occasions
Persuasive Speech
• Attempts to reinforce or change their
audiences’ beliefs, attitudes, feelings,
or values
• Some examples are a sales pitch to
potential customers, a politician’s
campaign speech, or a debate during
a public forum
Libretexts. (2022, September 8). 1.5: Types of speeches and speaking
occasions. Social Sci LibreTexts.
TYPES OF SPEECHES
Different occasions
Special Occasion Speech
• Strengthens the bonds between
audience members from recalling a
shared experience or intend to
amuse audiences through humor,
stories, or illustrations
• Some examples are a toast, such as
a best man’s speech at a wedding
reception; a eulogy to praise the
dead; commencement speech at
graduation; or presenting an award
Libretexts. (2022, September 8). 1.5: Types of speeches and speaking
occasions. Social Sci LibreTexts.
TECHNIQUES FOR EFFECTIVE
DELIVERY
Whenever you speak in public,
it is really a multimedia
experience for the audience.
Not only does the audience
listen to the speech, but they
also get to see you in action.
And, if the speaker uses visual
aids, such as demonstration
objects, charts, or PowerPoint
slides, the audience receives
other visual stimuli as well.
Image from:
storyset.com
Libretexts. (2021, March 28). 7.3: Techniques for Effective
delivery. Social Sci LibreTexts.
USE OF YOUR
BODY
1. Rid Yourself of Distracting
Mannerisms
The first step in eliminating any superfluous
behavior is to obtain an accurate picture of
your body’s image while speaking. This
should include:
• Posture
• Gestures
• Body movement
• Facial expressions
• Eye contact
The next step is to free yourself of physical
behaviors that do not add to your speech.
This can be accomplished by simply Image from:
storyset.com
becoming aware of your problem areas.
Libretexts. (2021, March 28). 7.3: Techniques for Effective
delivery. Social Sci LibreTexts.
USE OF YOUR BODY
2. Build Self Confidence by Being
Yourself
The most important rule for
making your body communicate
effectively is to be yourself. The
emphasis should be on the sharing
of ideas, not on the performance.
Strive to be as genuine and natural
as you are when you speak to
Image from:
family members and friends. storyset.com
Libretexts. (2021, March 28). 7.3: Techniques for Effective
delivery. Social Sci LibreTexts.
USE OF YOUR BODY
3. Let Your Body Mirror Your Feelings
If you are interested in your subject,
truly believe what you are saying, and
want to share your message with
others, your physical movements will
come from within you and will be
appropriate to what you are saying. By
involving yourself in your message, you
will be natural and spontaneous
without having to consciously think
about what you are doing or saying.
Image from:
storyset.com
Libretexts. (2021, March 28). 7.3: Techniques for Effective
delivery. Social Sci LibreTexts.
USE OF YOUR BODY
4. Build Self confidence through
Preparation
Nothing influences a speaker’s
mental attitude more than the
knowledge that s/he is thoroughly
prepared. This knowledge leads to
self- confidence, which is a vital
ingredient of effective public
speaking.
Image from:
storyset.com
Libretexts. (2021, March 28). 7.3: Techniques for Effective
delivery. Social Sci LibreTexts.
USE OF YOUR BODY
5. Use Your Everyday Speaking Situations
Whenever you speak to people, make
an extra effort to notice how you
speak. Observe, too, whether the
facial expressions of your listeners
indicate they do or do not understand
what you are saying. Before calling to
request something on the phone, plan
and practice what you are going to
say. Even a phone request is
essentially a short presentation.
Image from:
storyset.com
Libretexts. (2021, March 28). 7.3: Techniques for Effective
delivery. Social Sci LibreTexts.
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
A speaker realizes that appropriate facial
expressions are an important part of
effective communication. In fact, facial
expressions are often the key determinant
of the meaning behind the message.
People watch a speaker’s face during a
presentation. When you speak, your face -
more clearly than any other part of your
Image from:
body -communicates to others your storyset.com
attitudes, feelings, and emotions. Libretexts. (2021, March 28). 7.3: Techniques for Effective
delivery. Social Sci LibreTexts.
EYE CONTACT
Jan Costagnaro says, “When you maintain
eye contact, you present an air of
confidence in yourself and what you are
communicating. People who are listening
to what you are saying will take you more
seriously, and will take what you say as
important. If you lose eye contact or focus
on everything else but the person(s) you
are speaking to, you may not be taken Image from:
storyset.com
seriously and the truth in your points may Libretexts. (2021, March 28). 7.3: Techniques for Effective
delivery. Social Sci LibreTexts.
be lost. ”
EYE CONTACT
1. Know your materials
Prepare well and rehearse enough so
that you do not have to depend too
heavily on notes. Many speakers, no
matter how well prepared, need at
least a few notes to deliver their
message. If you can speak effectively
without notes, by all means do so. But
if you choose to use notes, they should Image from:
storyset.com
be only a delivery outline, using key
Libretexts. (2021, March 28). 7.3: Techniques for Effective
words. Notes are not a substitute for delivery. Social Sci LibreTexts.
EYE CONTACT
2. Establish a personal bond with listeners
Begin by selecting one person and
talking to him/ her personally.
Maintain eye contact with that
person long enough to establish a
visual bond (about five to ten
seconds). This is usually the
equivalent of a sentence or a
thought. Then shift your gaze to Image from:
storyset.com
another person. In a small group, Libretexts. (2021, March 28). 7.3: Techniques for Effective
delivery. Social Sci LibreTexts.
this is relatively easy to do.
EYE CONTACT
3. Monitor visual feedback
While you are talking, your listeners
are responding with their own
nonverbal messages. Use your eyes
to actively seek out this valuable
feedback. If individuals aren’t
looking at you, they may not be
listening either. Make sure they can
hear you. Then work to actively Image from:
storyset.com
engage them. Libretexts. (2021, March 28). 7.3: Techniques for Effective
delivery. Social Sci LibreTexts.
YOUR APPEARANCE MATTERS
Bonnie Berry’s 2008 research on
physical appearance also shows that
communicator attractiveness
influences how an audience perceives
the credibility of the speaker. Overall,
more attractive speakers were thought
to be more credible (51).
Make sure that every item of clothing is
clean and well tailored. Certainly a
speaker who appears unkempt gives
the impression to the audience that
s/he doesn’t really care, and that’s not Image from:
storyset.com
the first impression that you want to
send to your listeners. Libretexts. (2021, March 28). 7.3: Techniques for Effective
delivery. Social Sci LibreTexts.
ACTIVITY 1
Watch the videos and analyze the speakers’ delivery based on the questions below:
• Body Language: How did the speaker use body language to enhance their
message? Were their gestures effective?
• Vocal Delivery: Analyze the speaker's tone, pace, and volume. How did these
elements contribute to the overall impact of the speech?
• Eye Contact: Did the speaker maintain eye contact with the audience? How did
this affect the connection with the audience?
• Use of Visual Aids: If applicable, discuss the effectiveness of any visual aids used
in the TED Talk.
The Secret Ingredients of Great Hospitality | Will Guidara |
TED https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwcyXcOpWVs
Hostmanship - The art of making people feel welcome | Jan Gunnarsson |
TED
https://youtu.be/VEfUyOpG4b8
You may find similar videos here: https://blog.typsy.com/8-inspirational-ted-talks-for-hospitality-students
PREPARING FOR A
SPEECH
Choosing your topic
• One of the first things that you must do when preparing a
speech is to determine your topic-the subject and
focus of your presentation
• If you find yourself floundering, consider brainstorming.
According to Isaksen and Treffinger, brainstorming allows
your brain to be creative by removing the normal
inhibitions
• You might choose to find a topic by focusing on your
own interests, hobbies, or skills
• You should consider the interests, attitudes, and
values of your audience in each step of your
preparation, including choosing a topic
• One last detail to keep in mind when choosing your topic
Image from:
storyset.com is to narrow your subject so that it fits the scope,
expectations, and time limit of your assignment.
Libretexts. (2021a, March 28). 5.2: Outlining Your Speech continued. Social Sci
PREPARING FOR A
SPEECH
Determining your purpose
• There are three general reasons to speak -to inform, to
persuade, and to entertain.
• Keep in mind that a speaker may have more than one
purpose.
• Identifying a narrowed more focused goal for your
presentation really allows you to consider what you want
to say and why you want to say it. The specific goal, or
purpose, then, is what you hope to accomplish in that
particular speech.
• Only you can determine the specific purpose, depending
upon the topic you choose and the goal you hope to
Image from:
attain at the completion of your presentation.
storyset.com
Libretexts. (2021a, March 28). 5.2: Outlining Your Speech continued. Social Sci
PREPARING FOR A
SPEECH
Determining your thesis
• You need a thesis statement—one sentence that pulls
all of your information together and informs your
audience of the major points that you intend to cover
during your speech.
• A thesis statement provides your audience with a
“preview ” of your speech in much the same way that a
movie trailer previews an upcoming new movie.
• An effective thesis lets your audience know what ideas
you’ll cover, what you consider most important, and
how many details you’ll include.
• Your thesis is simply an overview—or a preview—of
what your audience will hear if they continue to pay
Image from: attention and listen to all of your presentation.
storyset.com
Libretexts. (2021a, March 28). 5.2: Outlining Your Speech continued. Social Sci
PREPARING FOR A
SPEECH
Outlining your speech
• An outline is an important tool for the public speaker as
well. Once you have decided on your main points, you can
begin to sift through the supporting materials that you’ve
gathered, choosing the most relevant examples and
the strongest facts and details from your research.
• An outline provides you with a visual snapshot of your
essay or speech.
• Outlines typically use symbols and indentations to
reveal the organization of your points and are valuable
tools to assist you in structuring, organizing, and
developing your ideas (Sumerset).
Image from:
storyset.com
Libretexts. (2021a, March 28). 5.2: Outlining Your Speech continued. Social Sci
ACTIVITY 2
Choose your speech topic from the list that was sent to you. Create an outline for your
speech following the format below (lifted from https://templatelab.com/informative-speech-outline/). Print it
on an A4 bond paper and submit next meeting.
I. Introduction
A. Attention device (question, quote, experience, example, story, etc. to get
audience’s attention)
B. Main idea of speech
C. Specific purpose (are you entertaining? Informing? Persuading?)
II. Body
A. First main point
1. Supporting detail
B. Second main point
1. Supporting detail
III. Conclusion
A. Review main points (give a concise ad creative recap of your speech)
B. Final thoughts (a thoughtful statement that will stick with your audience and give
closure)
