Bioinformatics & It's Scope in Biotechnology

Bioinformatics & It's Scope in Biotechnology

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  Bioinformatics & ScopeIn Biotechnology Tuhin Samanta M.Pharma in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (1st Year/ 2nd Semester)
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  Introduction Bioinformatics is theshort form ‘Biological Informatics’. Bioinformatics has become an important part of many areas of biology. In experimental molecular biology, bioinformatics techniques such as image and signal processing allow extraction of useful results from large amounts of raw data. Definition: Bioinformatics is the application of compute science and information technology to biology and medicine.
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  History  1865:- Fatherof Genetics: Gregor Mendel discover concept of genetic inheritance  1930:- Electrophoresis introduced  1953:- Watson and Crick suggest double-helix model for DNA  1955:- Bovine Insulin if first protein to be sequenced  1978:- The term Bioinformatics first used  1990:- Blast program published  1994:- PRINTS database published.
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  Goals of Bioinformatics Manage biological information.  Organize biological information using databases  Process, analyze and visualize biological data  Share biological information to the public using the internet.
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  Bioinformatics Tools andSoftware  BLAST- Stands for Basic local alignment search tool, provided by NCBI, It is most widely used for sequence searching.  FASTA- It is the DNA and protein sequence alignment software package.  EMBOSS- It Stands for European Molecular Biological Open Software Suite.  Primer3 (version 0.4.0)- It is a freely available online software for designing primers.  Uniprime2- It is a website for universal primer designing.  The PCR Suite- It is an online primer designing software.  Primer Pro 3.2- It is an other online primer designing software.  Primo Pro 3.4- A java enabled online primer designing tool.
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  Application of Bioinformatics Medical  Agriculture  Comparative Studies  Microbial Genome Application  Genome Sequences  Computational Drug designing
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  Medical o Search fornew drug targets o Personalized medicine o Preventative medicine o Gene therapy Agriculture  Crop Improvement  Insect resistance  Improve nutritional quality  Grow in poorer soils and drought resistant
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  Comparative Studies o Phylogenicproperties of Disease and evolution o Model organisms Microbial Genome • Alternative energy sources • Biotechnology • Antibiotic resistance • Forensic analysis of microbes • Bioweapons creation • Evolutionary studies
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  Genome Sequences o Genomesequencing covers to all characteristics of an organisms. o Human, Drosophila, Rat, Mouse, Mosquito, E.coli, H.influenza, Yeast and Arabidopsis Computational Drug designing • Models of drug are created • Effects monitored with super computer • Genetic profiling drug is assembled • Convenient approach to design drugs
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  Biotechnological role • DNA,RNA and Protein sequencing and Expression • Drug design occurred at a speedy rate due to development of bioinformatics • Analysis and interpretation of biological data • Genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, cheminformatics
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  Conclusion Bioinformatics has gotmajor impacts on biotechnology and its application. The vast amount of data generated by human genome project or by other genome sequencing project would be unmanageable without the bioinformatics technique. Bioinformatics also quickened the drug discovery, vaccine design and also the design of anti-microbial agents. Bioinformatics is also used to understand gene and also genome.
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  References • 1. AshrafG. Heterologous expression of stress-responsive DUF538 domain containing protein and its morpho-biochemical consequences. Plant J. 2011;30(5):351-8. • 2. Ashraf G, Kohnehrouz SB. Identification of DUF538cDNA clone from Celosia cristata expressed sequences of no stressed and stressed leaves. RussJPlant Physiol. 2010;57(2):247-52. • 3. Nakagami H, Sugiyama N, Mochida K, et al. Large-scale comparative phosphoproteomics identifies conserved phosphorylation sites in plants. Plant Physiol. 2010;153(3):1161-74. • 4. Bartels D, Sunkars R. Drought and Salt Tolerance in Plants. CritRevPlant Sci. 2005;24(1):23-58.