Денис Ковалев «Python в игровой индустрии»

Python in Game
Development
Ковалев Денис
Software Developer at DataArt

Используют Python
Battlefield 2 & Battlefield 2142
Eve Online
Mount & Blade
Civilization IV
Severance: Blade of Darkness
Greyhawk: Temple of Elemental Evil

Графические библиотеки
Tkinter, PyGTK, PyQt
PyGame - http://pygame.org
Pyganim - http://inventwithpython.com/pyganim
Pyglet - http://pyglet.org
Cocos2d - http://cocos2d.org
Pyggel (Python Graphical Game Engine + Libraries)
2D
3D
Panda3D - http://panda3d.org

Pygame
+ SDL (Simple Directmedia Layer) library
+ Stable and well-documented (http://www.pygame.org/docs/ref)
+ Examples (http://www.pygame.org/docs/ref/examples.html) and
tutorials (http://www.pygame.org/docs/tut/newbieguide.html)
- Not pythonic
+ Easy & powerful

Pygame в 9 строк
1. import pygame
2.
3. pygame.init()
4. screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480))
5.
6. while 1:
7. for event in pygame.event.get():
8. if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
9. raise SystemExit("QUIT")

Pygame “Hello, World!”
1. import pygame
2.
3. pygame.init()
4. WHITE = pygame.Color(255, 255, 255)
5. width, height = (640, 480)
6. screen = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height))
7.
8. font = pygame.font.Font(None, 50)
9. text = font.render("Hello, World!", True, WHITE)
10.
11. # Draw text on screen
12. screen.blit(text, text.get_rect(centerx=width/2., centery=height/2.))
13. pygame.display.update()
14.
15. while 1:

Pygame реакция на действия
1. def get_text(msg="Hello, World!"):
2. font = pygame.font.Font(None, 50)
3. text = font.render(msg, True, WHITE)
4. return text
5. delta_x, delta_y = (0, 0)
6. step = 20
7. while 1:
8. screen.fill(BLACK)
12. elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
13. delta_y += step
14. elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key == pygame.K_UP:
15. delta_y -= step
16. …
17. elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key == pygame.K_r:
18. delta_x, delta_y = (0, 0)
19. text = get_text()
20. screen.blit(text, text.get_rect(centerx=width/2. + delta_x, centery=height/2. + delta_y))

Pygame surfaces
1. yellow_surface = pygame.Surface((width, height))
2. yellow_surface.fill(YELLOW)
3. green_surface = pygame.Surface((width/2, height/2))
4. green_surface.fill(GREEN)
5.
6. def draw_circle(pos, radius=width/8):
7. pygame.draw.circle(yellow_surface, GREEN, pos, radius)
8. pygame.draw.circle(green_surface, YELLOW, pos, radius)
9.
10. while 1:
12. if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 1:
13. move = True
14. elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP and event.button == 1:
15. move = False
16. if move:
18. green_surface.fill(GREEN)
19. pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
20. draw_circle(pos)
21. screen.blit(yellow_surface, (0, 0))
22. screen.blit(green_surface, (0, 0))

Pygame objects collision
1. static_rect = pygame.Rect((width/3, height/3), (width/3, height/3))
2. moving_rect = pygame.Rect((width*2/3, height*2/3), (width/6, height/6))
3.
4. def draw_rects(pos):
5. moving_rect.centerx, moving_rect.centery = pos
6. pygame.draw.rect(yellow_surface, GREEN, moving_rect)
7. if moving_rect.colliderect(static_rect):
8. pygame.draw.rect(yellow_surface, PURPLE, static_rect)
9. else:
10. pygame.draw.rect(yellow_surface, BLUE, static_rect)
11.
12. pos = (0, 0)
13. move = False
14. while 1:
16. ...
17. if move:
19. pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
20. draw_rects(pos)

Pygame Sprites - create
1. class Ball(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
2. radius = 25
3. groups = []
4. acceleration = 1
5. def __init__(self, pos):
6. pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self, self.groups)
7. self.image = pygame.Surface((Ball.radius * 2, Ball.radius * 2))
8. self.image.fill(YELLOW)
9. self.image.convert_alpha()
10. self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
11. self.radius = Ball.radius
12. self.velocity = 0
13. pygame.draw.circle(self.image, BLUE, self.rect.center, self.radius, 0)
14. self.rect.center = pos

Pygame Sprites - move
1. class Ball(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
2. ….
3. def update(self):
4. if self.rect.top < height: # inside the screen?
5. self.rect.move_ip(0, self.velocity)
6. bricks = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, static, False)
7. if bricks:
8. brick = bricks[0]
9. self.rect.bottom = brick.rect.top # place the ball on top of the brick
10. self.velocity *= -0.9 # bounce with speed loss
11. if 0 > self.velocity > -0.1: # prevent infinite bounce
12. self.velocity = 0
13. else:
14. self.velocity += Ball.acceleration

Pygame Sprites
1. allsprites = pygame.sprite.Group()
2. Ball.groups = allsprites
3.
4. static = pygame.sprite.Group()
5. Brick.groups = allsprites, static
6.
7. timer = pygame.time.Clock()
9. while 1:
10. timer.tick(60)
14. elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 1:
15. Ball(event.pos)
17. Brick(event.pos)
18. elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key == pygame.K_r:
19. allsprites.empty()
20. static.empty()
21. allsprites.clear(screen, yellow_surface)
22. allsprites.update()
23. allsprites.draw(screen)

Python Physics Engines
- http://www.pymunk.org
PyODE (Python bindings for The Open Dynamics Engine)
pyBox2D - http://code.google.com/p/pybox2d
Panda3D - http://www.panda3d.org

Pymunk Physics Engine
- Based on Chipmunk2D (http://chipmunk-physics.net)
- Force & impulse
- Collisions
- Constraints
- Pygame & Pyglet modules

Pymunk basics
1. import pymunk as pm
2.
3. space = pm.Space()
4. space.gravity = (0, -900.0)
5.
6. class Ball(pm.Body):
7. def __init__(self, pos, mass=10, radius=25):
8. inertia = pm.moment_for_circle(mass, 0, radius, (0,0))
9. pm.Body.__init__(self, mass, inertia)
10. self.position = pos
11. self.radius = radius
12. def get_shape(self, elasticity=0.9):
13. shape = pm.Circle(self, self.radius, (0,0))
14. shape.elasticity = elasticity
15. return shape

Pygame + Pymunk
1. while 1:
3. if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 1:
4. body = Ball(to_pygame(event.pos))
5. shape = body.get_shape()
6. space.add(body, shape)
7. balls.append(shape)
9. brick = Brick(to_pygame(event.pos))
10. space.add(brick)
11. bricks.append(brick)
12.
13. ### Draw stuff here
14.
15. ### Update physics
16. fps = 60.0
17. space.step(1./fps)
18.
19. pygame.display.flip()
20. clock.tick(fps)

Pyglet
+ No dependencies
+ Pythonic
+ Images, audio, video in any format
- Not for games
Cocos2d
+ Pyglet-based
+ For games, apps, GUI interaction
- Poor API docs
- Google does not help
+ OpenGL interface
+ Layers and scenes

Pygame vs Pyglet
1. import pygame
2.
3. pygame.init()
4. screen = pygame.display.set_mode
((640,480))
5.
6. while 1:
1. import pyglet
2.
3. screen = pyglet.window.Window
(640,480)
4.
5. pyglet.app.run()

Pygame vs Pyglet
1. import pygame
2.
3. pygame.init()
4. screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640,480))
5.
6. while 1:
7. timer.tick(60)
9. if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and
event.key == pygame.K_a:
10. print 'You pressed A'
11. #update objects here
1. import pyglet
2. from pyglet.window import key
3.
4. screen = pyglet.window.Window(640,480)
5.
6. @screen.event
7. def on_key_press(symbol, modifiers):
8. if symbol == key.A:
9. print 'You pressed A'
10.
11. def update(dt):
12. #update objects here
13.
14. pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(update, 1/60.0)
15. pyglet.app.run()

Редакторы уровней

Tiled - http://www.mapeditor.org
+ PyTMX

FIFE - http://www.fifengine.net
FIFE + Python = https://github.com/fifengine/python-tutorials
“Unknown Horizons”“Zero-Projekt”

Examples and games
pyvolley (cocos2d и pymunk) - https://github.
com/aikikode/pyvolley
Minecraft на Python (pyglet, OpenGL) -
https://github.com/boskee/Minecraft
“Кораблики” (PyGame + Tiled) https://github.
com/aikikode/nautili
pyhammerfight (cocos2d и pymunk) - https://github.
com/aikikode/pyhammerfight
Исходники примеров презентации - https://bitbucket.
org/aikikode/pygame_examples
Презентация - http://bit.ly/1lNp0Uk

Дополнительные источники
Игры и библиотеки - https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonGames
Making games with Pygame - http://youtu.be/RQ-lIU0jWwg
2D game development using Pyglet with Cocos2d - http://video.kiberpipa.
org/py_2d_and_3d_game_development_using_pyglet/

Спасибо за внимание

Денис Ковалев «Python в игровой индустрии»

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