Solved problems of Sampling Distribution:

In the last year, the weight of newborns has an average of 3000 gr. and
standard deviation of 140 gr. What will be the probability that the mean of a
Is a sample of 100 newborns greater than 3030 gr?

Solution:

P( X > 3030) = P( (X -µ ) / σ/√n < (3030-3000) /140/√100)

= P( Z < 2.14) = 0.9838

An electricity company manufactures bulbs that have a lifetime that is distributed

approximately normally distributed, with a mean of 800 hours and standard deviation
of 40 hours. Find the probability that a random sample of 16 bulbs
have an average life of less than 775 hours

Solution:

This value is searched in the z table.

The interpretation would be that the probability of the sample mean of 16

Foci less than 775 hours is 0.0062.

3. The heights of 1000 students are approximately distributed in a shape

normal with an average of 174.5 centimeters and a standard deviation of 6.9
centimeters. If 200 random samples of size 25 are taken without replacement
from this population, determine:

a. The number of sample means that fall between 172.5 and 175.8
centimeters.
b. The number of sample means that fall below 172 centimeters.

Solution:
As can be seen in this exercise, there is a finite population and a
sampling without replacement, so the correction factor will have to be added.
The denominator of Z will be calculated only to substitute it in each item.
a)

(0.7607)(200)=152 sample means

b)

b.

(0.0336)(200) = 7 sample means

4. It is assumed that the height of 18-year-old boys from a certain population follows a
normal distribution with a mean of 162 cm and a standard deviation of 12 cm. A sample is taken
a random sample of 100 of these surveyed boys is taken and the mean is calculated.
What is the probability that this mean is between 159 and 165 cm?

Solution:
µ=162 cm.
σ=20 cm.

P( 159 < X <165) = P( (159-162) / 12/√100< (X -µ ) / σ/√n < (165-162) /12/√100)

= P( -2.5 < Z < 2.5) = P( Z < 2.5) - P( Z < - 2.5) = P( Z < 2.5) - (1 - P( Z < 2.5))
0.9876

5. In a retirement home, the average age of the people is 76 years.

standard deviation of 10 years.

a) What size should the random sample of people be, to have a

probability of 9.94% that the average age is less than 74 years?

b) If this sample was taken from a total of 500 people. Determine below
what value is found at the 80% of the sample means probability of 9.94%
that the average age is less than 74 years?

Solution:
a)
µ=76 years
σ=10 years

P( X <74) = P( (X -µ ) / σ/√n < (74-76)/10/√n) =0.0994

= P( Z < Z0) = 0.0994 THEN Z0 = - 1.32

(74-76)*/10/√n =-1.32

OPERATING

-2*√n/10 = -1.32

THEN

√n = 6.6 THEREFORE n = 43.6 APPROXIMATELY 44 IS NEEDED

PERSONAS
 b)

P( X < X0) = P( (X - µ ) / σ/√n < (X0 – 76) / 10/√500) = 0.80

= P( Z < Z0) = 0.80 THEN Z0 = 0.85

(X0-76)*/10/√500 = 0.85

OPERATING

X0= 76.38

THEN

IT IS BELOW THE VALUE OF 76.38

6. It is known that the salaries of the employees of a company are distributed

normally with an average of $800. A random sample of 25 is taken
workers and it is found that there is a 5% probability that the mean
sample exceeds $866.

a) Find the standard deviation of the salaries

b) Find the probability that a randomly chosen salary exceeds $770

Solution:
a)

µ = $800

σ = ¿???

P(X > 866) = P((X - µ) / σ/√n < (866 - 800) / σ /√25) = 0.05
= P( Z > 330/ σ) = 0.05 THEN 1-P( Z < 330/ σ)=0.05
P( Z < 330/ σ)=0.95
330/ σ=1.65 then σ=$200

b)
P( X > 770) = P( (X - µ ) / σ > (770 –800) /200) = P( Z > - 0.15)
THEN 1- P( Z < - 0.15) = 1-(1-P( Z < 0.15))= P( Z < 0.15)= 0.5596.
7. It was calculated that the average cooling of all the refrigerators for a line
from a certain company, they use a temperature of -4°C with a standard deviation
of 1.2°C.

a) What is the probability that a refrigerator comes out with a temperature

above -3°C?
b) What is the probability that a fridge will have a temperature lower than
5.5°C

Solution:

a) P(X > -3°C)

Z=0.83
P=0.5-0.2967=20.33%

The probability of a refrigerator having a temperature above -3°C is

20.33%

b) P(X < -5.5°C)

Z=1.25
P=0.5-0.3944=10.56%
The probability that a refrigerator will have a temperature lower than -5.5°C is
of 10.56%.
8. Of the 31 products, what is the probability that 20 will be defective, if the
50% of the products are usually defective.

Solution:
√

3.97%
n=31
P=50%
Q=50%

Z1 = (19.5-15.5)/2.78 = 1.43 Z2= (20.5-15.5)/2.78= 1.79

P(X=20) = P(1.43<Z<1.79) = 0.4633-0.4236 = 3.97%

The probability that 20 products are defective is 3.97%.

9. If the operating lifespan of a flashlight battery is 24 hours and it is

normally distributed with a standard deviation of 3 hours. What is the probability?
that a random sample of 100 batteries has a mean that deviates by more
of 30 minutes of the average?

Solution:

P(X>24.5 hours)=4.85%

n=100 stacks
Z=1,6
P = 0.5 - 0.4515 = 4.85%

The probability that the average useful life of the batteries exceeds 24.5
the hours is 4.85%.

10.36 observations are taken from a coin minting machine

commemorative, the average thickness of the coins is 0.20 cm and a
Deviation of 0.01 cm. What is the probability that the average thickness
Of the 36 coins, do they exceed 0.21 cm?
 Solution:

P(X>0.21cm)=0%

Since the value of Z was very high, we assume that the probability is
approximately 0%

11. In a study to compare the average weights of sixth grade boys and girls
In a primary school, a random sample of 20 children and another of 25 will be used.
girls. It is known that both for boys and girls, weights follow a
normal distribution. The average weight of all sixth grade children of
that school is 100 pounds and its standard deviation is 14.142 pounds,
while the average weight of all the sixth grade girls from that
the school is 85 pounds and its standard deviation is 12.247 pounds. In which of
the probability that the average weight of the 20 children is at least 20
bigger library than the one of the 25 girls?

Solution:

μ1 = 100 pounds

μ2 = 85 pounds

1 = 14.142 pounds

2 = 12.247 pounds

n1= 20 children

n2= 25 girls
 ( )( )

P=0.5-0.3944= 10.56%
Therefore, the probability that the average weights of the sample of
boys should be at least 20 pounds bigger than the sample of girls is
10.56%.

12. Prior to an election, Senator X hires the services of company Y to

settle the dispute established with the voters. She perceives regarding this
point that if she has 45% of the votes she will be nominated according to her
campaign strategy. Assuming that the contracted company selects a
simple random sample of 1600 registered voters. What is the probability?
that the sample may produce a proportion of 45% more given that the
Is the true proportion 40%?

Solution:

√
P(p>45%)=0%
P = 40%
60%
N =1660

Since the value of Z is very high, we assume that the probability is

approximately 0%

13.
PERCENTAGE OF VOTERS
CANDIDATE 1 30%
CANDIDATE 2 40%
CANDIDATE 3 30%

What is the probability that candidate 1 will surpass candidate 2?

Solution:
 ( )( )

P(C1C2)=?

P(C1-C2> 0)=?

P(p1-p20)=?

30%
40%
N = 100

( )

√ ( )

P=0.5-0.4819=6.81%

The probability that candidate 1 will surpass candidate 2 is 6.81%

A light bulb manufacturer claims that its product will last an average of 500 hours.
for work. To maintain this average, this person checks 25 bulbs every
If the calculated value falls between -t 0.05 and t 0.05, he is satisfied.
with this statement. What conclusion should he draw from a sample of 25 light bulbs?
What was its duration?

520 521 511 513 510 μ=500h

513 522 500 521 495 n=25
496 488 500 502 512 90%
510 510 475 505 521 X=505.36
506 503 487 493 500 S= 12,07

Solution: = 1-Nc = 10%

√
 v = n-1 = 24

t = 2.22

It can be concluded that the population mean is not 500, because the sample
population is above this, and therefore should be above
500.

15. Out of a total of 1000 samples of 200 children each, how many can we expect (a)
less than 40% are boys, (b) between 40% and 60% are girls, (c) 53% or
more are girls.

Solution:

Data:

n = 200

The probability of being a boy or a girl is the same p = 0.5 q = 0.5

a)

b)
 c)

16. The heights of 1000 students are approximately distributed in a way

normal with an average of 174.5 centimeters and a standard deviation of 6.9
centimeters. If 200 random samples of size 25 are drawn from this
population, determine: the mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution
of the sample mean.

Solution:

Population: N=1000 students

The variable X is measured as the heights of students in centimeters.

X ~ N(174; 5, 9.6) that is

174.5 cm
 Sample: n=25.

The sampling distribution of the sample mean is:

x ~ N(174; 5, 9.6 / 25)

Therefore, the mean of the sample average x is µ x = 174.5 cm and the standard deviation
standard of x is

17.A company manufactures items with a lifespan that is distributed

approximately normally distributed, with a mean of 800 hours and standard deviation
40-hour standard. Find the probability that a random sample of
16 of such elements have an average lifespan of at least 775 hours.

Solution:

18. One of the main television manufacturers purchases cables from two companies.
The cables from company A have an average lifespan of 7.2 years with a
standard deviation of 0.8 years, while those in group B have an average lifespan
of 6.7 years with a standard deviation of 0.7. Determine the probability that
a random sample of 34 tubes from company A has an average lifespan of
at least 1 year more than that of a random sample of 40 cables from the company
B.
 Solution:

Data
μA=7,2 μB=6,7
0.8
nA=34 nB=40

19. The scores of the 500 applicants who took an exam for
Labor hiring is normally distributed with a mean of 6.5 and a variance of 4.

Calculate the probability that an applicant scores more than 8 points.

Solution:

We are faced with a normal distribution N(6,5, = N(6,5,2)

√

We typify the value 8

The requested probability is the area to the right of z = 0.75.

Consulting the tables we obtain: 0.22663 = 22.7%
20. The average life of a certain type of small engine is 10 years with a deviation
two-year standard. The manufacturer replaces all failing engines for free
within the warranty period. If you are willing to replace only 3% of the
engines that fail, how long should the warranty offered be? Assume
that the duration of an engine follows a normal distribution.

µ = 10 y σ = 2

P3 Área = 0.03

Φ( Z ) = 0.03

Z = -1.88

x = Zσ + µ = (-1.88)(2) + 10 = 6.24