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Modeling for the

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1. Develop ten examples of different situations where there is a need for

develop a model for decision-making that includes the necessary data for
the formulation of the model.
2. For each example, identify the 3 elements of linear programming.
3. Build the model for each of the proposed examples.
4. Share your answers as a group, under the guidance of your teacher.

Deliverable(s): Document with the ten examples, including the elements and model of
linear programming.
Individually, read the following problems carefully and do what is asked of you.
indicates

a. Define the problem by specifying each of the three components of programming

linear (variables, objective and constraints).
b. Build the model by transforming the problem definition into a mathematical model.
c. Apply the graphical method to obtain the optimal solution.
d. Draw a conclusion for each problem based on the results obtained.

I. Industrial Aluminum has a maximum daily production capacity of 800 pulleys and
600 supports. Their daily demand is 550 and 580 respectively. It generates a profit from
production ton of $40 for the rolls and $35 for the supports. Determine the
optimal combination of daily production.
II. A company that manufactures industrial uniforms for ladies and gentlemen works 10 hours a day.
day. The uniforms go through three different processes taking the following time in each
one of them.

Uniforms for women Uniforms for men

Break = 10 min Cut = 5 min
6 min Sewing = 20 min
Packing = 8 min Packing = 10 min

The perceived utility of women's uniforms is $2 per uniform and that of men's is
From $3. Determine the optimal daily production combination.
III. A new product is being planned for launch, so commercials will be made for it.
television and radio. Television is watched by 2% of the society with high incomes and 3% of the
society with middle incomes. Radio reaches 3% of the society with high incomes and 6%
with medium income. The cost per commercial on television is $2000 and on the radio is
$500. The goal is to reach 36% of the society with high incomes and 60% of the society.
with average income. What would be the combination of advertising that minimizes costs?
IV. A restaurant prepares discada, for which it combines beef (80% meat and 20% fat) and pork.
(68% meat and 32% fat). The cost of beef is $0.8 per pound and $0.6 per pound of
pork. What amount of each meat should the restaurant use if the owner is looking to minimize
the cost but without the combination exceeding 25% fat?
2. Meet in pairs and compare your results, correcting what you think is necessary.

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3. Share the answers as a group, under the guidance of your teacher.

As a team, prepare a comparative table about the four special cases that
They can be presented in the simplex method. Define each one, point out their characteristics and
conditions.
2. Provide two graphical examples for each of the special cases reviewed in the
theme, including the following:

a. Graphical representation of each case

b. Equations of the lines (restrictions and objective function) that make up the area of
feasible solutions
c. For applicable cases, the coordinates of the lines (intersection with each axis or
between lines

3. Share your examples as a group, under the guidance of your teacher.

Deliverable(s): Comparative chart and report with two examples for each special case of the
simplex method.
For the following examples, do as requested individually:
a. Determine the optimal solution using the simplex method.
b. Through algebra, determine the maximum number of basic solutions or points of
corner.
c. Verify the optimal solution obtained with the simplex method through the data table
with the algebraic.
d. Based on the results, provide an interpretation of them.

I. Maximize subject to X = 500 Y1+ 300 Y2

15 years1+
5 Y2≤ 300
10 Y1+ 6 Y2<= 240
8 Y1+ 12 Y2≤ 450
Y1, Y2greater than or equal to 0

II. Maximize subject to X = 10 Y1+ 20 Y2

Y1+ 2 Y2≤ 15
Y1+ Y2less than or equal to 12
5 Y1+ 3 Y2≤ 45
Y1, Y2greater than or equal to 0

III. Minimize subject to X = 40 Y1+ 50 Y2

2 Y1+ 3Y2≥ 30
Y1+ Y2≥ 12
2 Y1+ Y2≥ 20
Y1, Y2greater than or equal to 0
2. Gather in teams and compare your answers, correct what you think is necessary.

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3. Each team should draft a conclusion that answers the following questions
a. What information does the obtained solution provide us?
b. Were they able to corroborate the optimal solution obtained with the simplex method in the table of
data with algebra?
c. What method do you find easiest and why?
Based on the problems seen in topic 2, apply graphical sensitivity analysis -
Change in resource availability, to determine the following:

a. Exchange rate
b. Change ranges

I. A company that manufactures industrial uniforms for ladies and gentlemen that worked 10
hours a day, now it does 15 daily hours due to new requirements. The uniforms
they go through three different processes taking the following time in each of them:

Uniforms for women Uniforms for gentlemen

Break = 10 min 5 min
Sewing = 6 min Sewing = 20 min
Packaging = 8 min Packing = 10 min

The perceived utility of women's uniforms is $2 per uniform and that of men's is
of $3.
II. A restaurant prepares discada for which it combines beef (80% meat and 20% fat) and pork.
(68% meat and 32% fat). The cost of beef is $0.8 per pound and $0.6 per pound of
pork. Originally, the meat combination should not exceed 25% fat, but
Due to new health requirements, it should no longer exceed 15% fat.
2. Reflect on the following questions and draw a conclusion:
Does the change in the variables affect the optimal solution of the problem or not?
b. If it affects, what can you interpret from the new obtained results?
c. What can you highlight about the sensitivity analysis?
3. Share the results of your activity in a group.
Report that includes exchange rate, range of change, graph, and conclusions.
Report detailing the solution to a work problem in a real context, using the method
graph and the simplex method.
Instructions to create evidence:
Draft a real work issue and define the variables of the programming elements.
linear, formulate the model and provide a solution to it using the graphical method and the simplex method.
At the end, give your conclusion based on the results obtained.
1. Select one of the following common workplace problems, very common in real contexts,
to formulate the problem and solve it using the graphical and simplex methods:
a. Production mix
b. Combination of raw materials
c. Combination in the use of machinery

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2. Identify the elements of a linear programming model in the proposed problem:

a. Alternatives or variables
b. Objectives
c. Restrictions
3. Formulate, develop, and solve the problem using the graphical method. Remember to define.
the model and obtain the area of feasible solutions through the graph, in order to define
the optimal solution.
4. Formulate, develop, and solve the problem using the simplex method. Take into account
you should start with the vertices of feasible solutions and, if necessary, apply the
iteration.
5. Interpret the results you obtained through the two methods, compare them and conclude.
in this regard:

a. What was the optimal solution that was reached from the graphical method and through the
simplex method?
b. Is the optimal solution the same in both methods?
c. Once you have used both methods, what differences or similarities do you find?
once put into practice?
6. Integrate a report with all the developed information.
Formulate a problem where the transportation model can be applied for obtaining
the optimal solution.

1. In pairs, create a diagram where you define and relate the following elements:
a. Assumptions on which transportation methods are based.
b. Traditional transportation models
c. Transportation algorithms
d. Steps and methods to solve transportation algorithms
2. Solve the problem by applying the transportation model to obtain the optimal solution.
manually.
3. Once the solution has been obtained manually, select Solver, Tora, or AMPL and
solve the same problem with the help of one of these tools; you can go to
to the computer lab of their campus.
4. Compare the results obtained in both solutions and conclude about it.

Deliverable(s): Report with an example of a transportation model solved manually and

with the support of tools like Solver, Tora, or AMPL.
Knowledge about the Hungarian method
Calculator
Instructions for the student:

Individually create a diagram where you define and relate the following
elements:
a. Allocation models
b. Hungarian method

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2. Solve the following problems, applying the Hungarian method and determining the
optimal solution.

i. You are preparing your birthday party and need to know which supplier
to hire 'x' service, your budget is limited, so the allocation of
suppliers should be the one that minimizes costs. For the formulation of
Problem you should consider at least 3 suppliers and 4 services to contract.
ii. Your car was hit and you need to take it to be repaired. For the formulation of the problem.
You should consider at least 4 providers and 5 issues to repair on your car.
2. Once the problems are solved, teams can compare results, analyze the
steps taken to obtain the optimal solution and make corrections if necessary
that it is necessary.
3. As a conclusion of the activity, mention what the differences are of the method
assignment to the other models seen in past topics. Based on the data that
you raised in each of the problems, explain why the result obtained with the
Hungarian method resulted in the supplier you thought was the best option.

Knowledge about the decision tree method and the variants of expected value
Calculator
Instructions for the student:

Individually answer the following questions:

a. What are the two classifications of decision-making processes?
b. What are the differences between the two classifications of a decision-making process?
decisions?
c. What is the benefit of using a decision tree?
d. Mention two real examples of the application of the two classifications of the
decision processes.
2. Solve the following problems individually, use the decision tree to
an optimal solution a priori and the variants of the expected value for the posterior solution.

a.

B1 B2 B3

A1 220 170 110

A2 200 180 150

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Prior probability 0.6 0.3 0.1

posterior probability 0.5 0.3 0.2

b.

Economy in Economy Economy that

improvement stable worsens

Investment
$30 $5 -$10
conservative

Investment
$ 40 $10 -$30
speculative

Investment
-$10 0 $15
counter-cyclical

Probability to
0.1 0.5 0.4
priori

Probability to
0.2 0.3 0.5
posterior

3. Once the problems are solved, meet in teams and compare results, analyze
the steps taken to obtain the a priori and a posteriori solution and carry out
corrections if necessary.
4. As a team, create a conclusion regarding the results obtained in the
a priori and a posteriori analysis, that is, whether the results remained the same or there was
some change and why they consider the similarity or difference in them.

Individually, create a comparative chart among the criteria for the solution of
decision-making problems under uncertainty (Laplace, maximin, regret criterion of
Savage and Hurwicz criterion), where you indicate what each consists of, their

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characteristics and procedure for its development. Also, mention 5

examples where you can apply the concept of decisions under uncertainty.
2. Individually solve the following problems through Laplace, maximin,
Savage's lament criterion and Hurwicz criterion.
A student takes their final exam, but the night before the exam there is a
a party that has been waiting for a long time, so it must take a
decision on what to do that night. His options and probable ratings of his
exams, depending on the type of test, are as follows:

to go out partying
Op2 = divide the night between the party and studying
Op3 = stay studying all night
Examen = fácil, moderado, difícil

Easy Moderate Difficult

Op1 85 60 40

Op2 92 85 81

Op3 100 88 82

b. A company is looking to buy a press, but it can't decide on the tonnage.

the options are 1000, 1500 or 2000, the costs would be minimal if the parts that
Manufacturers require the tonnage of the purchased press. Based on the following table,
determine the optimal purchase decision:

1000 1500 2000

1000 300 -400 -500

1500 200 200 -300

2000 100 100 100

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Amounts in millions of pesos

For the following problems, determine the saddle point.

c.

Player B

1 2 3

1 4 2 -3
Player A
2 -1 0 3

3 2 3 -2

d.

Player 1

1 2 3

1 3 -3 -4
Player 2
2 -4 -2 1

3 1 -1 0

At the end of the activity, discuss the results obtained in the group highlighting the
differences in the solutions depending on the methods or criteria used.

Exercise with each of the requested answers to each problem.

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1. Create a conceptual map in pairs that specifies the following:

Importance of maintaining inventories
Examples of the costs associated with inventories
a. Cost of ordering or manufacturing
b. Cost of maintaining or storing
c. Penalty costs for shortages or unmet demand
d. Recovery costs
5 examples of at least 2 of the probabilistic inventory models where they can
to be applied
a. Continuous review models
b. Single period models
c. Multi-period models
2. Develop a conclusion that interrelates the concepts worked on, importance
of inventories, associated costs, use of probabilistic inventory models.

Tree diagram for a transportation model, considering specific criteria for the
decision making.
Instructions for producing evidence:

1. Pose a transportation problem that you can represent through a tree.

decision.
2. Build the tree to achieve a visual representation of the posed problem and that it is
easier decision-making.
3. Solve the problem using the northeast corner method, minimum cost and
Voguel approximation, manually, without support from software. You will be able to consult the
procedure of each method in the explanation of the module.
4. Give your comments based on the results obtained. That is, interpret the results.
obtained, it also provides a general conclusion of the evidence.

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