System analysis through

data dictionary.
The data dictionary is a specialized application of the types of dictionaries used.
as a reference in everyday life. The data dictionary is a consultation work with
information about the data (i.e., metadata), compiled by the analysts of
systems to guide in analysis and design. Like a document, the data dictionary
Collect and coordinate specific data terms and confirm what each term means.
for the different people in the organization.
NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE DATA DICTIONARY
Many database management systems come equipped with a dictionary.
automated data. These dictionaries can be complex or simple. Some
Computerized data dictionaries automatically catalog data elements.
when programming is done; others simply provide a template to motivate
the person who fills the dictionary should do so in a uniform manner for each entry.

LOGICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA STRUCTURES

When data structures are defined first, only the data elements are included.
that the user would see, such as a name, address, and amount to be paid. This phase is the design.
logical, which shows what data the business needs for its daily operations.
DATA WAREHOUSES
All base elements must be stored in the system. Also the elements
derivatives could be stored in the system, such as for an employee, the gross salary
Accumulated to date. Data warehouses are created for each different data entity.
that will be stored. That is, when the base elements of a data stream are grouped to
to form a structural record, a data warehouse is created for each structural record
unique.

CREATION OF THE DATA DICTIONARY

The entries in the data dictionary could be created after completing the diagram of
data flow, or they could be built as the data flow diagram is developed.
The use of algebraic notation and structural records allows the analyst to develop the
data dictionary and data flow diagrams using a top-down hierarchical approach
downward.
For example, the analyst could create a data flow from a Diagram 0 after the
first interviews and, at the same time, make the preliminary entries of the dictionary of
data. Typically, these entries consist of the names of the data streams found
in the data flow diagram and its corresponding data structures.

ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS THROUGH

DATA DICTIONARIES
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Chapter VIII

Define the term data dictionary.

A data dictionary is a reference tool that contains data about data (i.e.,
metadata), of all data processes, warehouses, flows, structures, and logical elements and
physical aspects of the system being analyzed.

2. What are the four reasons for compiling a complete data dictionary?

Four reasons to compile a complete data dictionary are:

To validate the integrity and accuracy of the data flow diagram.

Provide a starting point for developing screens and reports.
To determine the content of the data stored in files.
Develop the logic for the data flow diagram processes.

3. What information does a data repository contain?

A data repository is an information repository with more detail than a data dictionary,
and it may contain:
Information about the data maintained by the system, including data flows, warehouses
of data, record structures and elements.
Logic of procedures.
Screen and report design.
Relationships between data, for example how one data structure is linked to another.
Project requirements and final system products.
Information about project management, such as delivery schedules, achievements,
pending problems to be solved and project users.

4. What is a structural register?

A structural record is a data that is composed of various elements, for example, the 'name'
The 'client' is composed of the first name, middle name, last name, and second last name.

5. Mention the eight specific categories that each entry must contain in a
diccionario de datos. Proporcione una definición breve de cada categoría.

Each entry in the data dictionary must contain:

The name of the element, which must be descriptive and logical.

An overview.
oAlias: it is a name or synonym also used for the element.
Related data elements: a list of other elements that are related to the
current entry.
The range of values that the element can use.
The length of the field that the element needs to store its information.
Element encoding.
Edition information and comments.

6. What are the basic differences between the prepared data dictionary entries?
for data warehouses, data structures, and data elements?

Data warehouses: aside from basic information, it has data that indicates how they will be stored.
the data elements in some structure, whether it be a database, files in the operating system,
etc.

Data structures: they are limited to specifying which data elements they are composed of, but do not indicate
formatting rules or how they should be stored.

Data elements: these entries specify what type of data is being stored, rules of
validation, default values, input and output criteria, etc.

7. Why are structured records used?

Structural records allow managing several related data elements as a group.

but maintaining the ability to process the elements individually. Additionally,
allow the analyst to make a single definition and use it in various parts of the system in a way
simpler.

8. What is the difference between logical and physical data structures?

Logical data structures are those that the user typically uses as a name,
address or balance to be paid. Physical data structures are those that are added for the
functioning of the system, such as key fields to locate records, status codes, code
of transaction, counters, etc.

9. Describe the difference between base elements and derivatives.

The base elements are usually introduced into the system, such as a name, email address.
or a city and must be stored in files or tables, while the derivatives are created
by processes as a result of calculations or logic.

10. How are the entries of a data dictionary related to the levels of a group?
of data flow diagrams?

Each level of a data flow diagram must use data appropriate for the level. As it progresses
increase the level, the flow of data that enters and exits the processes will be increasingly

more detailed, including the structural records and the elements that have been defined in the
data dictionary.

11. Mention the four steps followed in the compilation of a data dictionary.

The compilation of a data dictionary requires the following activities:

Define and expand each data flow, data warehouse, and processes.
Identify the elements that make up the flows, storage, and processes.
Identify and categorize the flow of input and output data of the system.
To identify and resolve omissions or other errors in the system.

12. Why should the compilation of a data dictionary not be seen as an end in itself?
himself?

If the analyst focuses too much on compiling the data dictionary, they may neglect the
development of other important activities. For this reason, the analyst must see this activity as something
parallel to the analysis and design of the system and not as an end in itself.

13. What are the main benefits of using a data dictionary?

The data dictionary can be used to create screens, reports, or forms. Also
can be used to analyze the system design and detect failures or areas that need a
better definition. Finally, it serves as a reference for the system and to answer questions or solve problems.
controversies regarding the definition of data.

14. What does the Extensible Markup Language (XML) describe?

XLM is a language designed for data representation and exchange.

between different systems.

15. What is a definition of the type of document?

A document type definition (DTD) allows to establish whether the content of an XML document
it is valid, that is, if it complies with the rules of a particular format.

16. How does a document type definition guarantee that an XML document
Does it contain all the necessary elements?

There are standard XML tools used to validate an XML document against a
DTD document and verify that the necessary elements of the format are met.