Title of the investigation.

Cell phone addiction in students of the IE “Excelentia” in the province of Chupaca

 CHAPTER I
PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM
In recent years, the great impact that the arrival of cell phones has had on individuals
has been observed, specifically on the child, adolescent and youth population, who
use said device throughout the day, when they are at home, on the street. , on the bus,
at school, at work, as well as in other places, progressively developing a certain
dependence on the cell phone. In this regard, Soria (2018) maintains that "the cell
phone is one of the most acquired instruments of Information and Communication
Technologies (ICT) due to its curious particularities and constant evolutions" (p. 1),
in this sense, Chóliz and Villanueva (2011) mention that the cellular device “is the
most spectacular development in recent years with regard to the use, innovation and
social insertion of technology” (p. 165), since since it was invented in 1983 and went
on the market under the Motorola brand, the Dynatax 8000x, until the invention of
the first intelligent mobile phone in 1997, the cell phone has had a spectacular
technological development so much so that it is carrying a portable microcomputer
making life easier (Mathey, 2016), but at the same time this mobile device has
generated excessive use that can be identified as an addiction, complicating our lives,
bringing with it a series of problems not only on a personal level. but also in the
family, work and of course also in the school environment (Labrador and
Villadangos, 2010).

In this regard, the Santa Isabel Emblematic School, which is located in the city of
Huancayo - Junín, has been seeing certain behaviors in secondary school students,
especially 3rd year students, that seem to be indicators of dependence or addiction to
alcohol. cell phone, since many of these students make excessive or uncontrolled use
of the cell phone during class hours, when the teacher is explaining, sometimes
generating interruptions, since the student is more interested in attending to the cell
phone than to the class, likewise other students They always make excuses when
carrying out activities, revealing how much they are distracted by social networks
when they use their cell phones when carrying out their academic activities. In
addition to this, the parents of certain students usually report some concern, since
they tend to observe the students almost all day using their cell phones, distracted by
social networks (Facebook, WhatsApp, among others) to the point that they abandon
 their chores at home. as their academic activities at school, since the pandemic has to
a certain extent highlighted the acuteness of this problem. Precisely this problematic
situation has aroused the interest in carrying out the study to know the level of cell
phone addiction that the students of the aforementioned school present and, based on
this, propose alternatives that contribute to reducing or overcoming their addictions
and in this way contribute to their educational process in regular basic education.

1.2 GOALS
1.2.1 General objective
Determine the level of cell phone addiction presented by students in the 3rd
grade of secondary school at the “Santa Isabel” Emblematic School Huancayo
- 2022.

1.2.2 Specific objectives

Identify the level of abuse and difficulty in controlling the impulse to use cell
phones presented by students in the 3rd grade of secondary school at the “Santa
Isabel” School - Huancayo - 2022.

1.3 HYPOTHESIS
Taking into account the nature of the study, since it is descriptive, it has not required
the formulation of hypotheses. In this regard, descriptive studies understood as studies
that only deal with the characteristics or features of the situation or phenomenon under
study but do not seek to provide explanations or reasons for the situations, facts or
phenomena, are not exclusively subject to the formulation of hypotheses, so these
types of studies may be exempt from hypotheses, a situation that does not diminish
their importance since these studies become the basis for other types of research
where they are exclusively required to establish explanations as well as formulate
hypotheses (Bernal , 2010).
6.- Schedule of activities.

CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 BACKGROUND
2.1.1 INTERNATIONAL BACKGROUND
De Sola (2018) in his study “The problematic use of the mobile phone: from
abuse to its consideration as a behavioral addiction”, carried out at the
Complutense University of Madrid to qualify for the Doctorate degree, where
the general objective of this research has been aimed at the analysis of
problematic mobile phone use among the Spanish population, from 16 to 65
years of age. The hypothesis has been based on the consideration that said
problematic use would meet the criteria of addiction, such as substances and
pathological gambling, and that, therefore, like other addictions, it is capable of
affecting broad layers of the population, not just young people and adolescents.

Reaching the conclusion that in a minimal way the problematic use of the mobile
phone is mainly linked to State Anxiety and Impulsivity, through the dimensions
of Positive and Negative Urgency. Likewise, alcohol consumption and
depression have an important correlation with dependence.

Heredia, Condori, Zárate, Ramos, & Yevara (2017) in the research

“Dependency, risk of addiction to cell phone use in medical students at the San
Francisco Xavier University, Sucre, 2017, had the objective of identifying
dependence and risk of mobile phone addiction in medical students at San
Francisco Xavier University. Where the approach selected in the research was
quantitative with a multidisciplinary descriptive method, taking into account a
population of 345 students surveyed based on their levels of study, as well as
their gender.

The result was that use time greater than three hours is more prevalent in women
than in men, which poses a possible risk of addiction. Concluding that, this
differential prevalence between genders occurs more in women for reasons of
 low self-esteem and/or social approval, while men are oriented towards the use
of applications through distraction and self-improvement.
2.1.2 National background
Bastidas (2019) developed the research “Dependency on mobile devices and
learning outcomes in continental university students.” The present study is a
basic research of a cross-sectional, correlational, descriptive level with a non-
experimental design and an inductive-deductive methodological orientation. , of
abstraction and concretion of the data analysis that led to the application of the
statistical method. The main objective of the study was to determine the
relationship between dependence on mobile equipment and learning outcomes.
The study sample was made up of 1,267 students from various professional
careers; M's Mobile Phone Dependency Test (TDM) was applied. Chóliz (2012);
an instrument that measures mobile device dependence disorder, considering the
dimensions: D1: Abstinence, D2: Absence of control and derived problems and
D3: Tolerance and interference with other activities. For the learning results
variable, the final grades obtained by the students in the conceptual, procedural
and attitudinal content subjects of the 2018-I school period were considered;
concluding the existence of a negative relationship (-.351) between dependence
on mobile equipment and learning results. In addition, the inverse relationship
between the TDM dimensions at -.330; - .260 and -.324 with the learning result.
Likewise, the indirect relationship between the MDD dimensions at -.413; -.407
and -.358 with the components of the learning result.

2.1.3 Local background

Olarte and Taboada (2017). Video game addiction related to the academic
performance of students from the 3rd to the 5th grade of secondary education at
the IE “Luis Carranza” District of Ayacucho 2017. Bachelor's Thesis in Nursing
at the National University San Cristóbal de Huamanga in Ayacucho. In their
research, the authors reached the following conclusions: It was found that 80.2%
(166) of the students from 3rd to 5th grade of secondary education of the
aforementioned educational institution are not addicted to video games, while
19.8% (41) are addicted to video games. Thus, 100% of the students who are
addicted to video games, 78.3% have mild addiction, followed by 19.3%
moderate addiction and 2.4% severe addiction. It was also found that 90.2% of
 students from 3rd to 5th grade of secondary education with video game
addiction show regular academic performance, followed by 7.3% with poor
academic performance and 2.4% who show high academic performance. Finally,
it was determined that there is a direct relationship between video game
addiction and academic performance (R=0.932), which is confirmed with the
acceptance of the research hypothesis (p=0.000).

2.2 THEORETICAL BASIS

2.2.1 cell phone addiction
2.2.1.1 Definition
According to Asencio et al. (2014) cell phone dependence or addiction
“is the loss of the notion of time and implies the abandonment of
common activities, in addition, anger, tension and/or depression may
occur due to the impossibility of accessing the cell phone” (p. 5).
For its part, Vera (2015) mentions that mobile phone addiction occurs
“when its use becomes a repetitive behavior that causes pleasure, also
called “telephonitis” which implies the tendency to constantly want to
use the phone, whether during the day. and at night the telephone” (p.
1). Ruan (2016), who usually calls cell phone addiction nomophobia,
mentions that it consists of: An irrational fear or intense anxiety of
leaving the home without a cell phone, which is also characterized by
the irrational feeling of being left incommunicado, which is triggered
when you run out of battery, coverage or forget your cell phone at
home. (p.4) Finally, Bianchi and Phillips (2005, as cited in García,
2017) regarding cell phone addiction consider that it implies “the
excessive degree of psychological and behavioral association of a
person with their cell phone, established by the continuous use of the
cell phone in prohibited or inconvenient situations and that significantly
affects the individual in their daily life” (p. 9).
In this regard, it is worth mentioning that mobile phone addiction is the
inability to control and interrupt the use of this device, which is why
turning it off or turning off the sound of notifications or calls is avoided
at all costs. Likewise, the authors establish that mobile phone addiction
consists of a chronic and progressive failure to resist the impulse to
 make calls, send text messages, play games, and mobile phone
functions such as accessing the Internet, using the camera, the video
camera, the mp3, listening to music, etc.; despite the negative
consequences that this entails for the person's life (such as financial
expenses, personal, family, academic, work, social problems, etc.)
(Muñoz and Agustín, 2005, as cited in Dávila and Pumarrumi, 2018 ).
2.2.1.2 Characteristics of cell phone addiction
Taking into account the study by Secades (2012), it is important to
mention that the use of the mobile phone is no longer simply
communicative, but is increasingly used for leisure and fun. In this
sense, the most determining characteristics of subjects addicted to
mobile phones present symptoms of anxiety if they do not carry their
mobile phone, which reduces their quality of sleep in search of
spending more hours connected to social networks, and they also spend
excessive money on applications. and games, they are also constantly
watching their cell phone to see if they have received messages.
For his part, Chóliz (2012) points out the following characteristics:
- Excessive use manifests itself in high economic costs and numerous
calls and messages.
- Problems, mainly with parents, associated with excessive use of
mobile phones.
- Interference with school or other personal occupational activities.
- A gradual increase in usage to obtain the same level of satisfaction,
as well as the need to replace working devices with new models.
- The need to call or send messages, when the period of time has
elapsed without using the mobile phone, emotional disturbances
affect when the use of the telephone is prevented.

2.2.1.3 Dimensions of cell phone addiction

According to Chóliz and Villanueva (2011, as cited in Villanueva et al.,
2012) they point out the following dimensions:
TO. Abstinence
It is one of the main characteristics of addictive disorders, which is
expressed by severe discomfort caused when one does not have the
 possibility of using the mobile phone or has not been able to use it for a
long time. Likewise, mobile phone operating problems or difficulties in
using it generate magnified negative emotional reactions.
b. Abuse and difficulty controlling impulse
It refers to the excessive use of the mobile phone at any time and
situation, which is related to one of the main characteristics of addictive
disorders: the difficulty in stopping consumption, in this case, to stop
using the mobile phone. Excessive use has a lot to do with difficulty
controlling behavior. New mobile applications, especially messaging
applications (WhatsApp, Line or Viber), make behavioral control
extremely difficult.
c. Problems caused by excessive use
The negative consequences of excessive use of the mobile phone or its
inappropriate use are evaluated in the personal (excessive spending,
interference with other important activities...), social (problems in
relationships with others) or family spheres.

d. Tolerance
It is a unique characteristic of addictive disorders and refers to the need
to use the mobile phone more and more to achieve the same satisfaction
or that moderate use is not enough for the person.

2.2.1.4 Types of cell phone addiction

Guerreschi (2007) proposes five types of mobile phone addictions, thus
we have:
- Text message addicts: They are classified as having a constant need
to send and receive text messages, while their mood is determined by
the number of messages received, never less than two. They even send
messages to themselves, and in the physical aspect they may have
calluses on some thumbs from pressing the keys so much.
- Addicted to the new model: These are those individuals who decide
to spend large sums of money to obtain the latest cell phone model;
which will depend on the social class you belong to.
 - Mobile exhibitionists: These are those individuals who when
choosing a cell phone give greater importance to the color, design and
price, where they practically have the device in their hand
demonstrating its functions, in addition, they let their phone ring for a
long time and in Sometimes they fake a conversation.
- The “game players”: They are characterized by a great excessive
interest in cell phone games; where the subjects play with great
continuity without being able to stop until they have reached a new
record.
- Cell phone on syndrome (CSS): These are those subjects who are
afraid of having their cell phone off and keep it on during the night.
They even carry a spare charged battery.
2.2.1.5 Risk factors for developing cell phone addiction
The study by Dávila and Pumarrumi (2018) shows that there are
essentially four risk factors that can trigger cell phone dependency. So
we have:
- As the first risk factor we find the cell phone and its main
characteristic is the communicative function. In this sense, the mobile
phone generates rewards because it offers the possibility of
communicating with anyone at any time. In the same way,
manufacturing companies use reinforcers such as personalizing calls
through musical tones, more elaborate, more sophisticated and
attractive sets of colored lights. This is what makes it more attractive, in
addition to the applications, the incorporation of the Internet, the
accessible payment plans and the ease of staying connected wherever an
individual is.
- The second factor refers to the personality characteristics or emotional
states that increase psychological vulnerability in a person, who may
have low self-esteem, who seek support from others and a greater need
for social approval; impulsive and extroverted people since they have
large circles of friends, which is why they are constantly searching for
general sensations and experiences, they have difficulty reflecting on
the consequences and lack of perseverance.
 - The third risk factor is social pressure, becoming a facilitator of
interpersonal relationships as it allows permanent contact with others,
favoring the perception of proximity and belonging to the group, and is
also used for the formation of personal identity and image. , that is why
mobile phone companies manufacture devices that allow all types of
customizations (ringtones, screen savers, animations, etc.). In relation to
this, the type or brand of cell phone that young people and adolescents
use is related to the perception of increased social status, exerting social
pressure among them.

- The last risk factor are the sociodemographic variables that indicate
that the population most vulnerable to mobile phone addiction are
people whose ages range between 12 and 35 years, that is, adolescents
and young people.
2.2.1.6 Consequences of cell phone addiction
Subjects who show addiction to new technologies show abnormal
behavior in different environments such as the family area, generating
little interest in carrying out family activities. They also show
dishonesty with respect to the time spent using the mobile phone; In the
school area they present low academic performance, in addition, in the
work area they make excuses in work activities and as a consequence
they present low performance. Likewise, irregularities are observed in
basic activities such as nutrition, sleep and personal grooming due to
the inability to get rid of this activity (Labrador and Villadangos, 2010).
In the psychological area, the individual shows excessive euphoria and
inability to establish interpersonal relationships with family, friends,
and also presents alterations in behavior, mood, communication
problems, language and emotions; where they tend to progressively
isolate themselves and spend a lot of time in solitude, a reason that
generates excessive use of cell phones using interactive games or
constantly sending text messages, a fact that puts at risk the
development of the ability to transfer emotions appropriately through
language and verbal communication. However, in more serious cases,
the addiction is so severe that it can override the self-control of the
 subjects, leading them to commit inappropriate behaviors such as
stealing, cheating in order to have the use of the cell phone (Rodríguez
et al., 2012).

For Morales (2012) cell phone addiction affects the following aspects:
- Economic aspect: The cell phone addict spends excessively with the
sole purpose of being in touch and being able to make calls or send
messages, even going so far as to steal or lie to get the money.
- Personal aspect: The mobile phone generates degrees of anguish,
desperation and insecurity, affecting the person emotionally, without
leaving out the physical lack of control, because addicts show
tachycardia, stress and sweating of the hands due to not having the cell
phone nearby.
- Family aspect: The cell phone addict has problems at home, since the
exaggerated use of the device generates arguments, fights and
discomfort; It can even lead to marital breakdown, separation or family
disintegration.
- Work aspect: By using the telephone excessively, it causes lack of
concentration in work performance, because you receive constant calls
or send text messages, which divert you from your work tasks.
- Academic aspect: The mobile phone addict presents problems of low
attention, concentration and decreased academic performance.

2.2.1.7 Treatment of cell phone addiction

As these are behaviors that are necessary, we seek to modify impulsive
habits related to cell phone use with the intention of learning to control
uncontrolled behavior without this meaning total abstinence, but rather
establishing coping strategies. For this, two phases are established in
the intervention: 1) The first phase, which consists of avoiding stimuli
and situations related to addictive behavior to reduce the probability of
uncontrolled behavior and its consequences, apart from this, work is
done on decision-making. awareness and the need to modify addictive
behavior, for this objective information is provided about the
 consequences and how this addiction affects the person's life. 2) And
the second phase where a controlled and progressive exposure to the
stimuli and situations related to mobile addiction is carried out, which
will allow the subjective discomfort to decrease and the person to
increase confidence in their ability to control their addiction. Obviously
the problems related to impulse control are linked to negative emotional
states (depression and anxiety) for this reason it is necessary to create
specific strategies to address them (breathing control techniques,
relaxation exercises, cognitive restructuring techniques). According to
the needs of the people, complementary strategies can be used such as
training in problem solving, activity planning, etc. (Dávila and
Pumarrumi, 2018).
2.3 Definition of terms
2.3.1. Addiction
A physical and psychoemotional illness that creates a dependence or need for a
substance, activity or relationship (World Health Organization [WHO] as cited in
Herrezuelo, 2015) .
2.3.2. Technological addiction
It refers to the abusive consumption of technology such as computers, internet, mobile
phones, video games and social networks. (Rodríguez et al., 2012)

2.3.3. Cell phone

The cell phone is an electronic wireless device that allows access to the cellular or
mobile telephone network. It is called cellular due to the repeater antennas that make
up the network, each of which is a cell, although there are mobile satellite telephone
networks (Alanya and Gonzales, 2015).
2.3.4. Abusive behavior
It refers to the maladaptive pattern of consumption manifested by consequences such
as dangerous use, failure to fulfill obligations, legal, social or interpersonal problems
(American Psychiatric Association [APA] as cited in De la Cruz and Torres, 2019).
2.3.5. addictive behavior
It refers to the maladaptive pattern of substance consumption, producing clinically
significant deterioration or discomfort (APA as cited in De la Cruz and Torres, 2019).
 2.3.6. Nomophobia
It is an irrational fear or intense anxiety of leaving home without your cell phone,
which is also characterized by the irrational feeling of being left incommunicado,
which is triggered when you run out of battery, coverage, or forget your cell phone at
home (Ruan, 2016). .
2.3.7. Cell phone use
It is that situation that occurs when the person uses mobile phones that, if not
controlled, generates a certain dependency or addiction (Schmidt and Cohen, 2014).
2.3.8. Problematic cell phone use
This is when cell phone use begins to have consequences in their environment:
However, despite having knowledge about the problem, they take it “normally”
(Villanueva et al., 2012).

CHAPTER III
INVESTIGATION METHODOLOGY

3.1 Temporal and spatial scope

At a temporal level, the study will be carried out in the month of August 2022, while at
a spatial level it was carried out at the “Santa Isabel” Emblematic School, which is
located in the city of Huancayo and the Junín Region.
3.2 Kind of investigation
The study is of a basic type, since it has been oriented towards the search for new
knowledge and fields of research. Its purpose has been to collect information on the
variable of interest (cell phone addiction) through its dimensions and indicators to
enrich theoretical and scientific knowledge, and transform the reality in question.
Therefore, its usefulness has been theoretical-scientific (Carrasco, 2006).
3.3 Research level
 The study is descriptive level, since it has been aimed at describing the modalities or
levels of the variable of interest in the specific population. In this sense, the study made
it possible to collect information on the level and characteristics of the variable of
interest (cell phone addiction) in a specific time interval, as they occur in the
problematic reality (Hernández et al., 2010).
3.4 Techniques and instrument for data collection
The following were used:
- The survey was used as a technique, while the Mobile Dependency Test (TDM) was
applied remotely as an instrument in order to know the level of addiction of the
students in the study sample.
3.5 Data analysis techniques and processing
The following sequence was followed:
 Data classification, where the data that was collected from the respective instrument
(Mobile Dependence Test) was classified.
 Data coding, which consisted of coding the information collected in the respective
instrument (Mobile Dependence Test) applied to the study sample.
 Qualification, which consisted of giving the corresponding score according to the
instrument (Mobile Dependence Test) applied to the study sample.
 Statistical tabulation, where a data was prepared with all the codes of the units of
analysis and in its classification statisticians were applied that made it possible to
know the characteristics of the distribution of the data, such as the arithmetic mean
and standard deviation.
 Interpretation, where the data presented in tables and figures were interpreted based
on the variable of interest (cell phone addiction) and its respective dimensions.
 Likewise, it is worth mentioning that no statistical test was used, since no
hypotheses were raised in the present study.
 CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS
4.1 Information analysis
Below, the results obtained by measuring the variable of interest (cell phone addiction)
are presented by remotely applying the respective Mobile Dependence Test (TDM) to
the study sample. For this purpose, the applied TDM measures the following
dimensions:
- Dimension 1: Abstinence

- Dimension 2: Abuse and difficulty controlling impulse

- Dimension 3: Problems caused by excessive use

- Dimension 4: Tolerance
4.2 INFORMATION ANALYSIS
Next, the results are discussed considering the theoretical framework related to the
variable of interest (cell phone addiction ) as well as the empirical evidence obtained
through the remote application of the data collection instrument (Mobile Dependence
Test). .
The results obtained in the study show that in general the students of the Third year of the
Emblematic School “Santa Isabel” of the year 2022, present a moderate level of cell phone
addiction, since an arithmetic mean of 45.93 points was found. Likewise, it was determined
that the students present a moderate level of abstinence regarding cell phone use, since an
arithmetic mean of 11.14 points was found, which allows us to affirm that the majority of
students (43%) demonstrate some anxiety when they stop using cell phones. use the cell
phone due to equipment damage or loss. At the same time, it was also determined that the
students present a moderate level of abuse and difficulty in controlling the impulse to use
the cell phone, since an arithmetic mean of 17.50 points was found, which allows us to
affirm that the majority of the students (42 %) present a moderate impulsivity that is
demonstrated when they make excessive and inappropriate use of cellular equipment.
Furthermore, it was determined that the students present a moderate level of problems
caused by excessive cell phone use, since an arithmetic mean of 8.57 points was found,
which allows us to affirm that the majority of students (43%) demonstrate relative family
problems ( housework or lack of intra-family communication) as well as economic (line
payment, payment for applications, etc.) due to excessive cell phone use. Consequently, it
was also determined that the students present a moderate level of tolerance regarding cell
phone use, since an arithmetic mean of 8.71 points was found, which allows us to affirm
 that the majority of the students (50%) present a certain mastery, as well as moderate
frequency of use of your cell phone. A situation that draws attention and worries, because
if it is not given due seriousness, if it is not addressed in due time, this problem can worsen
and cause greater problems, having a negative impact on the health and educational
process of the student.

4.3 EVALUATION AND COMMUNICATION

 Based on the results found, it is determined that there is a moderate level of cell phone
addiction in the students of the third year of high school at the Santa Isabel Emblematic
School in the year 2022.
 Based on the results found, it is identified that there is a moderate level of abstinence
regarding cell phone use in the students of the third year of secondary school at the
Santa Isabel Emblematic School.
 Based on the results found, it is identified that there is a moderate level of abuse and
difficulty in controlling the impulse to use the cell phone in the students of the Third
year of high school at the Santa Isabel Emblematic School.
 Based on the results found, it is identified that there is a moderate level of problems
caused by excessive cell phone use in the students of the third year of high school at the
Santa Isabel Emblematic School.
 Based on the results found, it is identified that there is a moderate level of tolerance
regarding cell phone use in the students of the third year of high school at the Santa
Isabel Emblematic School.
 recommendations

 It is recommended that the authorities of the Education Sector in the Junín region and
authorities of the UGEL Huancayo, develop remote training on technological addictions,
such as cell phone addiction (nomophobia), so that teachers are better prepared against to
risk situations that may give signs of suffering from this type of addiction in students.

 It is recommended that the management team, in coordination with the teachers of the
“Santa Isabel” Emblematic School, develop an awareness campaign about excessive cell
phone use, in every two-month period so that the student becomes aware that excessive cell
phone use produces nomophobia. generating disorders in different areas of their lives.
 It is recommended that the TUTORIA teachers of the Emblematic School “Santa Isabel” of
Huancayo coordinate with mental health specialists (public or private) to carry out in-
person talks in order to prevent nomophobia in the student population and consequently
contribute to the improvement. of their mental health and educational process.

 It is recommended to take into account the results of this study so that there is a
socialization of them among the management team, teachers and parents at the Emblematic
School “Santa Isabel” of Huancayo, with the aim of developing an educational project that
includes timely and effective interventions to identify and treat this pathology in time.
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