Mainframe

computers
For complex processing
tasks such as
- statistical analysis
- bulk data processing
Used by large
organisations
Can be used by a lot of
people at the same time
 Microprocessors

•Used to control washing machines,

television, other household
appliances, personal computers,
digital cameras and home
entertainment systems
Personal computers
Desktops
Peripheral device – equipment
that is connected to a computer
and
Which used with it
of the following are peripheral
devices?
Personal computers
Laptops
Personal computers
All in one PC
Single-board computers (SBCs)

• Used in education
• Embedded computing
projects
• Physical computing
projects
• Robotics and IoT devices
• Cost effectiveness
• Use microSD card
Embedded computing/system
• combination of hardware and software to carry out a
specific task inside a device or bigger computer
system.

• Microprocessors
• I/O peripheral devices
• sensors,
• computer memories, etc.
Examples of embedded systems
• Washing machines
• Drones
• Tracking systems
• ATMs
• Central heating system
• Factory robots
• Digital cameras
Mobile phones
• Use a SIM card to connect to a mobile phone network.
• SIM stands for subscriber identity module.
• SIM card is used to identify the subscriber to a mobile
phone network.
Mobile phones
Smartphones
Smartphones
• Smartphones use more power than other types of mobile
phones because they combine many features.
• They have a shorter battery life
• They need to be charged more regularly.
Specialist phones

 Simple navigation
 Large buttons and screen
 Voice guided navigation
 Screen readers
 Loud and clear speaker
 Hearing aid compatible
Cell phones for the hearing impaired and visually impaired

Some phones have emergency button that linked to a list of emergency

contacts. When this button is pressed, the phone will call each person on the
list until someone answers.
 Tablets

Bigger than smartphones Have touch screen and apps

Wi-Fi connectivity
Portability

Some have SIM card slots

Cameras and Camcorders
• Use light sensors to capture images formed by light
passing through the device’s lens
• Cameras are used to capture still images
• Camcorders are used to capture moving images
Cameras and Camcorders
The quality of images depends on the quality of lens, the image processor
and the resolution of the sensor.

Camera lens
It allows light to travel through it
without introducing any defects.

Image processor
A good image processor can
compensate for poor lighting
conditions.
• Digital images are made up of small dots called pixels.
• Better quality sensors can capture more detail.
• And produce images with a greater number of pixels.

Pixel – a small dot that helps to make up an image

Resolution – the number of pixels used by a screen to display
an image
Pixelated – an effect that creates an unclear image consisting
of large individual pixels that are visible to the human eye
Maximum display size at different resolutions
Home Entertainment Systems
• Televisions
• Sound systems
• Personal Video Recorders (PVR)
• Blu-ray and DVD players
Televisions
• Display still and moving images on a screen
• Built-in speakers
• High definition (HD) televisions have a higher resolution than standard
definition televisions because they contain larger number of pixels.
• Resolution of television = horizontal pixels x vertical pixels
• Television manufacturers do not specify the number of horizontal pixels.
• A resolution of 1280 x 720 is stated as 720p
• Ultra High Definition (UHD) television screens are referred to as 4K or 8K
• They have a horizontal resolution of approximately 4,000 or 8,000 pixels.
Smart television

• Use apps
• Can download and stream content from the
internet
Sound systems

• Produce loud, rich sound using high-quality

speakers and amplifiers
• Some speakers contain built-in amplifiers.
• Can play music from CDs or from local storage
• Can connect to smartphones, media players and
tablet devices using wired connections like USB
wireless connections like Bluetooth or WiFi
• Can connect to the internet to play music stored
online
Personal Video Recorders (PVR)

• Records broadcasted content so that they

can be watched at a later date.
• Some satellite television devices contain
both a set-top box (STB) and a PVR.

Set-top box – a device that sends video and

audio received from a broadcaster to a
television
 DVD player

Blu-ray and DVD players

• Connect to televisons to play films and other
content that is stored on DVD or Blu-ray
disks
• Blu-ray players will play DVD disks
• DVD players will not play Blu-ray disks
• Blu-ray can store HD movies, which have
higher-quality picture and sound
• Newer 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray players can play
4K content on 4K televisions

Ultra HD Blu-ray player

 Games Consoles
• Play video games on a television screen
• Games are provided on disks or as downloads
from the internet
• Use controllers to control the characters,
vehicles and objects in the games
• Use motion sensors to control the game with
gestures and body movements
• Use virtual reality controllers and headsets to
immerse the player in a realistic gaming
experience
• Their own movements in the real world are replicated
by an avatar in the virtual world of the game
Handheld versions of games
consoles
• Provide mobile gaming
• Have a built-in screen
• Less storage than a full-size console
• Can play only low quality of image
and sound, less game complexity
• To reduce the amount of data that
needs to be stored
Media players
• Provide video and audio content to a
television
• Can stream directly the content from
the internet
• Can connect to a television directly or
using wired or wireless network
• Controlled using a remote control or
smartphone app
• Offer output in 4K
 Personal Media players
• Compact
• Portable
• Have local storage to hold media files
• Useful when travelling or exercising
• Long battery life
• Use solid state flash memory storage
which is not affected by being moved or
shaken
Navigation Aids (Sat-Nav )

• Can calculate the best route between two or more locations

• Can provide updates to the route if it is not followed accurately
• Commonly used in cars, delivery vans and ships
• Alert to help drivers take the correct route (Eg. turning right or left)
• Use information from GPS satellites to determine the exact location of the
device on Earth
• Use orientation sensors to know which way the device is currently
pointing
• GPS does not need internet connectivity in order to work
• Navigation aids need internet connectivity in order to update map data
GPS – Global Positioning System
• Uses radio signals from satellites to show your exact
position on the Earth

Some information that can be calculated using GPS data:

- Quickest route
- Shortest route
- Distance to destination
- Time to destination/ Estimated time of arrival
Home
Automation
Devices and
Smart
Assistants

Controlled from apps on a smartphones

Multifunctional device – a device
that can perform a range of different
functions
Convergence – when the designs of devices
change so that they become similar to one another
1. Describe the advantages of using VR in gaming.
2. What type of sensor is used to control the game with gestures?
3. Describe the limitation of handheld versions of games console.
4. Why can handheld consoles games only play low quality image sound?
5. Smartphones and tablets share a lot of the same functionality. State the term used to describe this.
6. Smartwatch uses GPS to monitor its location. Give two pieces of information that can be calculated
using GPS data.
7. Which type of sensor is used to know which way the device is currently pointing?
8. Why does navigation aids need internet access?
9. Why is a smartphone said to be a multifunctional device?
Group Work
• Group 5 – Command Line Interface
• Group 2 – Menu-Driven Interface
• Group 1 – Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Group 4 – Voice Interface
• Group 3 – Gesture Interface
Each group will:
• Research your assigned user interface type
• Create a short presentation (5-7 minutes)
• Present you topic to the class with a clear explanations,
visuals, and examples.
What to include in Your
Presentation:
• Definition – What is this type of interface?
• Examples – Show real-world examples
• Advantages – Why is it useful or effective?
• Disadvantages – Any limitations or challenges?
• Who uses it and where? – Typical users or situations?
• Demo – A short live or video demo if possible
Guidelines:
• Create presentation (PowerPoint, Google slides, Canva, or
similar)
• Use images or diagrams where possible
• Everyone in the group must speak
• Time Limit – 5-7 minutes
• Be ready to answer 1-2 questions from the audience
• Prepare quiz to check the audience’s understanding (Every
audience must take the quiz)
Match the words with their definitions.

1. Back up c. a. The materials used to save data

b. A space in a computer to add extra parts or cards.
2. Storage Media
a.
c. Make a copy of data to keep it safe.
3. Energy e.
consumption b. d. The different parts that make up a computer or
device.
4. Expansion slot
d.
e. The amount of power a device uses.
5. Components
 Types of
Connectivity

Wired Wireless
connectivi connectivi
ty ty
To play media
from one
device on
another

To back up
files
Purposes of
Connectivity

To share
data
To update
software
Which type of connectivity is more reliable and
faster?