Intro to Sorting + Insertion Sort

Intro to Sorting + Insertion Sort

• 1.
  What do sortsdo? ● Take this: [6, 24, 10, 76, 35, 0, 37] – Make it into this: [0, 6, 10, 24, 35, 37, 76] ● Or this: [“dolphin”, “yak”, “caribou”] – Into: [“caribou”, “dolphin”, “yak”] ● How do you sort?
• 2.
  Which sort shouldyou use? ● Factors – No sort is good at everything, there will always be tradeoffs depending on the qualities of your data and your machine's circumstances ● http://www.sorting-algorithms.com – Helpful overview of the different sorts, their runtimes, properties, and best applications for each of the major sorting methods
• 3.
  Which sort shouldyou use? ● Memory usage – Some sorts are “in place” and do not require much more memory to run – Other sorts use space liberally in recursion to make an easier workload for the computer – Pick two of the three: ● Fast runtime ● Low memory overhead ● Ease of coding/implementation
• 4.
  Which sort shouldyou use? ● Stability – Unstable sorts may change the relative order of keys of the same value – Stable sorts do not change the relative order of keys of the same value – So...? ● Consider this scenario – You sort a list of flights by departure time – You then sort that list by destination – If the second sort was stable, you would result with an array of flights sorted by destination ordered by increasing departure times
• 5.
  Which sort shouldyou use? ● Adaptive or not? – Efficiency changes depending on presortedness (yes that's a word now) of the input array – Types of presortedness to consider ● Pure random ● Nearly sorted ● Reverse sorted ● Few unique keys – Many of the same values
• 6.
  The Unicorn Sort ●O(1) worst case runtime ● In place ● Stable ● Not adaptive ● Doesn't exist
• 7.
  Insertion Sort
• 8.
  The littlest sortthat could... kinda ● Simplest sort technique – No tricky recursion – Only one operation to consider – When mentally sorting, humans naturally tend to use some sort of insertion-like method
• 9.
  The littlest sortthat could... kinda ● Adaptive – Efficient for small data sets – Data sets that are already close to being sorted create the best case scenario and quickest runtime – Reverse order, on the other hand, is bad news bears
• 10.
  The littlest sortthat could... kinda ● Stable – Does not change the relative order of keys ● In-Place – No extra memory usage from recursion – “Low overhead”
• 11.
  The littlest sortthat could... kinda ● Summary! – Simple to implement – Efficient at small data sets ● Often used as the recursive base case for other sorts – Stable – No (well, barely any) extra memory usage
• 12.
  The littlest sortthat could... kinda ● Runtime! – Best case ~> already sorted array ● O(n) comparisons, O(1) swaps – Worst case ~> reverse sorted array ● O(n**2) comparisons, O(n**2) swaps ● Literally swapping every element in the array – Average ~> O(n**2) comparisons and swaps ● BAD for large data sets ● Space! – O(n) total, O(1) for auxiliary operations
• 13.
  Show me thestats ● require 'benchmark' – puts Benchmark.measure { block } ● Insertion sort, are you good at sorting? – 10,000 elements, 1..10,000 already sorted ● 0.029761 seconds – 10,000 elements, 1..10,000 reverse sorted ● 2.324039 seconds – 10,000 elements, random values up to 10,000 ● 1.259223 seconds – 20,000 elements, random values up to 20,000 ● 4.691325 seconds – 30,000 elements, random values up to 30,000 ● 10.571314 seconds
• 14.
  OH BOY! TIMETO IMPLEMENT
• 15.
  Bro, do youeven logic? ● For each n in a range of the numbers 1..(array.size-1) – Pull position n out of the array destructively ● Create value_to_insert variable ~> (array[n]) ● Create insertion_index variable ~> (n) – While the value of n > 0 and the value_to_insert is smaller than the value at the position before insertion_index in the array ● Looking at the value before array[n]... – Is it bigger than array[n]? ● insertion_index should be decremented ● “while” code runs again – Is it smaller than array[n]? ● The “while” loop is broken – value_to_insert should be inserted at insertion_index ● Each loop finished; return the array
• 16.
  Need a copyof this? ● http://www.slideshare.net/nicholascase520/intro -to-sorting-insertion-sort