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ESTABLISHMENT: PARADA PUCHETA HIGH SCHOOL

CURRICULAR SPACE: Information and Communication Technology
COURSE:5thyear Division:Unique
OLIVERA, Claudia Elízabeth
SCHOOLYEAR:2017

PROGRAM FOR PREVIEWS

BLOCK I: TECHNOLOGY
TIC: Concepto de TIC. Características. Posible Evolución de las TIC. Clasificación. Ventajas y Desventajas.
Concept of technology. Differences between technology and technique. Relationships between technology and society.
Digital technologies. Communication technologies.

T.I.C.- CONCEPT:

They are called Technologies of theInformationand theCommunicationICT refers to the set of technologies that
allow the acquisitionproductionstoragetreatmentregisterand presentation of
information, in the form of voice,imagesydatacontents insignalsofnatureacousticsopticso
electromagnetic.
ICTs include theelectronicshowtechnologybase that supports thedevelopmentof thetelecommunications
thecomputer scienceand the audiovisual.

Characteristics
Immateriality (Possibility of digitalization): ICTs convert information, traditionally subject to a
physical medium, into immaterial. Through digitization, it is possible to store large amounts of
information, on small-sized physical devices (disks,CDmemoriesExternals,USB,etc.). In turn
Users can access information located on distant electronic devices, which is transmitted
using thenetworksof communication, in a transparent and immaterial way.
This feature defines what has been referred to asvirtual realitythis is, reality not real.
Instantaneity: Information can be transmitted instantaneously to places that are physically very far apart.
through the 'information highways'. Terms like cyberspace have been coined to define the
virtual space, not real, in which the information is located, as it does not assume the physical characteristics of the object
used for its storage, acquiring that degree of immediacy and immateriality.
ApplicationsMultimedia:The applications orprogramsmultimedia have been developed as an interface
friendly and easy to communicate, to facilitate access to ICTs for all users. One of the
The most important characteristics of these environments is 'interactivity'.
It is possibly the most significant characteristic. Unlike more classic technologies (TV,radiowhat
they allow ainteractionunidirectional, from a sender to a mass of passive spectators, the use of
computer interconnected through digital communication networks provides communication
bidirectional (synchronous and asynchronous)personperson and person-group.It is therefore occurring,
achangetowardscommunicationamong people and groups that interact according to their interests, forming
what is referred to as 'virtual communities'. The user of ICTs is therefore an active subject who sends their
own messages and, most importantly, make decisions about theprocessnext: sequence,
rhythmcodeetc. [2]
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PossibleeeevolutionndelasTIC
Progressive increase of thesystemsportable computers: cell phones, tablets, netbooks, iPods, etc.
Progressive spread of flat screens (TFT): smart-LED TV.
Implementation of wireless technologies: mouse,keyboardprinters, reof LAN
Omnipresence of access toInternetWiFi - Network Anchor Zone on mobile phones
Widespread use of the systems ofbroadbandfor internet connections: router with connectivity
telephonic.
Third generation mobile telephony UMTS, withimageand connectionsgraphsInternet: 4G
Supplies ofsoftwarethrough the Internet (it will be paid according toconsumptionlike theelectricitywith
Android–Windows systems application download
Multiplication of the activities we will carry out from cyberspace: telebanking,telemedicine
commercial, financial, and forecasting management
Generalization of the 'digital board' in in-person classrooms.

Classification of ICT
To outline the classification of information and communication technologies, we must know their foundations.
development, since there is no specific classification as such, but rather a growing development for this
we must understand bothprinciplesdevelopment basics:
Informatics: Informatics is ascienceautomated information, everything related to
thedata processingusing as bases,meansconceptual ofhardwareone of the most examples
common are:
Databases
Spreadsheets
Presentation programs
Telematics: It is the set ofservicesfrom a computer supplier througha network of
telecommunications that allows communication between computers and the use of these services
distance IT professionals. One of the most common examples is:
Email
Audio conferences
Video conference
Web space

All this is established in order to facilitate communication and the obtaining of information fromresourcesfor
theHuman Development.A current development is the change of information and communication is the development of
technologyIPconventionally in our homes we usetelephonyanalogous, contractually
someorganizationsDigital Telephony, and since the birth of the internet, telephony andcontrolof the
IP information (Internet Telephony)

Implementation of ICTs
For entities interested in the implementation of some type ofTICit is important to have in
counttoolsadministrative and ofengineeringin order to ensure effective implementation. By
For example, sometimes it will be necessary to create IT Development departments or assign them to departments.
already existing such as the areas of computer science, decommunicationsor R&D. Likewise, it is necessary to carry out a
logical process for the implementation of an ICT:
Planning: ICT can be used simply to automate.processespreexisting, but the most
It is likely that the activities are at least rationalized, to take advantage of the advantages of the
new possibilities that technology creates, and in some cases the processes need to be redesigned
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substantially. Therefore, the impacts on organizational processes are noticeable and can
be very deep. For this, a must be madeanalysiscomplete ofthe organizationthrough a
diagnosis of the processes, prioritizing those that could be improved first. This must
to be carried out by a group that has aknowledgefull of business, of its processes and
needs. Then, the processes must be determined in order of priority and concatenation, what
technologies apply to each process, in addition to defining the perimeter ofactiony
theobjectivesspecific to achieve. At this stage, costs, benefits and
disadvantages of each ICT, in order to finally decide which is the most suitable. In addition, a
schedule of activities for theproject, ofending times, resources, and activities.

Execution: In this stage, the implementation processes will be carried out.physicsof the ICTs in
theorganizationtaking into account the dates, personnel, activities, and resources assigned through the
schedule. Installation activities are carried out,trainingyserviceas well as the assurance
of its functionality and sustainability of the infrastructure, maintaining the equipment, data networks and
relevant equipment in quantity andqualityin accordance with the requirements ofthe company.Al
to implantnew technologies of information and communications, the work patterns and the
the skills that employees require may be very different from those that were once needed because
It is vital to conduct training related to computers and communications.

Measurement of the results obtained: Many times it is difficult to measure productivity of

theinvestmentsin ICT, given the rapid advancement of this type of technologies, which often makes
it is impossible for an organization to fully recover theinvestmentin new technologies,
before it is necessary to invest in the next generation
the results of having this type of infrastructure one would have to assume what would exist if it weren't there, or
working in the old style, but operating in today's world. Many times, these results
will be visible through theindicatorsof satisfaction of theclientprocess optimization and
resources, quantities produced, levels ofsaleand above all,profitability.

Continuous improvement: In order for the implementation to always be tailored to the needs of
thecompanyIt is necessary for the company to create a system that ensures the conditions that allow
ensure the achievement of the proposed goals, through the strengthening of the processes ofmanagemente
implementation of ICTs that are necessary to achieve better processes and results in
company. Some of theseactionsthey can be themaintenanceupdate andevaluationfrom the
technological resources orthe research permanent about newproductsand trends
technological solutions to be incorporated into the processes.

Technology:
Technology is usually defined as the set of tools made by man, such as means
efficient for a purpose, or like the set of material artifacts.

Difference between Technology and Technique:

Technology is the material means used to achieve a goal. Technique is the processes.
applied to technology. They are different but complementary. ... Technology is the instrument or the force
that allows you to do something, and technology is the knowledge or skill of using technology.
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Digital technologies
Digital technology is a factor that emerged recently; before, most objects or
The artifacts we used to buy were of the analog type; today, those same devices that were so useful 10 years ago.
they are already obsolete for daily tasks. From coffee makers to phones, refrigerators with
Monitors that can alert us if something is missing in our refrigerator and regulate the temperature to televisions.
LCD and digital cameras.

On its part, the word Digital functions or expresses through numbers. Now with both terms defined.
we come to the conclusion that digital technology is the set of procedures and studies that are
necessary to make scientific advances that are expressed in numbers; also the same
allows for the constant increase and revitalization of what is called the standard quality of the elements.

Communication Technologies
Intervenes daily in people's lives, facilitating communication beyond distances between the
the sender and the receiver:
- Satellites and antennas that allow internet navigation on various receiving devices
from the signal with immediate access to communication anywhere in the world such as
channels to facilitate communication between the sender and the receiver.
- Online video cameras, in real time.
- Telephony: landline and mobile.
- Television: online, live and direct.

The technology of communication through the internet:

it is a technology that allows voice transmission over IP networks in the form of data packets, it is
to say, the voice that enters at the receiving end is transformed by aProgramin theComputerthe team
from sender (in thephonenormal voice transforms into an electrical signal or tones that travel through theredof
telecommunications and on the Internet is digitized and transformed into data) that is transmitted over the Internet
using the sameprotocol-is exchange of messages whosefunctionit is to establish, maintain and
manage a telephone connection - which is used for example to transmit aemailthe email. This
the protocol is called IP for its initials in English (Internet Protocol) and isthe languagein which the understood
thousands ofcomputersand devices connected to the network. For this reason, it is calledVoIPVoice over Internet at the
Internet telephony, but a truesystem.

Its importance lies in that VoIP compared to traditional telephony: it is very cheap, meaning this system reduces
thecostsof the call (up to 74%), whosepricedepends onmarketbut not from thetimeof connection.
As calls are made using a cost network (like the Internet), cost reductions can be
large, especially for companies with branches in different cities or countries, due to thesavingsin
long-distance rates in the world are now conducted through IP networks, the main benefits of telephony
IP son: savings in interconnection costs, there is a betteradministrationof changes and movements, greater
ease of switching locationsworkbetterproductivityof remote workers, that is to say workers
that are distant from thecompaniesreductions of the trip ofpersonalof system support.
Regarding productivity improvement, thesuppliersThey believe that VoIP is a great enabler.
oftelecommuting. HOh, a person can be anywhere in the world and receive a call on their IP line.
as if it were a local call. In countries likeJapanyUnited States many are paying their
employees a high-speed Internet connectionspeedin their homes, with VoIP applications, because in
certain cases are more efficient and save costs related to offices (this implies rentals,
services, etc.
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Advantages of ICT

Information and Communication Technologies ICT, as well as othersstrategiesofinnovation

technologicaland scientific, present a direct relationship with changes of a procedural, cultural nature,
strategic, productive, etc. These changes imply that organizations and individuals develop a series of
steps that allow them to assimilate and adapt to these changes, in order to subsequently accept and implement the
new practices and strategies that this entails.
In this way, theinnovationtechnological and more specifically, ICT, whose evolution is advancing by leaps
growing day by day, they demand that people and organizations evolve at the same pace, otherwise
being left behind in the technological past. In their eagerness to walk alongside or try to reach these
technologies, people and organizations must constantly change their habits,policies,
priorities, etc., which will be beneficial to them to a certain extent, as long as it does not go against their
principles or violated those behaviors related to the integrity of eachstructureand its correct ones
practices.
The advantages and disadvantages that may arise from the use of ICT are described below.
the development of personal and organizational activities.

Advantages
From the perspective of thelearningICT promotes continuous intellectual activity and develops
thecreativityythe learningcooperative. Likewise, they improve thecompetenciesof expression and creativity and
develop search skills andselectionof information. They are also an easily accessible channel to a lot of
information of all kinds.

For the Students

They often learn in less time.
Attractive.
Access to multiple educational resources and learning environments.
Customization of processesteachingand learning.
Flexibility in studies.
Instruments for the information process.
Help for theSpecial Education.
For the Teachers
Source of educational resources for theteachingguidance and rehabilitation.
Facilitations for the realization of groupings.
They release theprofessorof repetitive work.
They facilitate evaluation and control.
Professional update.
They constitute a good means ofresearchdidacticsin the classroom.
Organizationally, ICTs favor the increase in productivity and access to new
technologies that companies can appropriate through exogenous processes, which mobilizes
the capabilities of the organization.

DISADVANTAGES
From the perspective of learning, ICT can generate distractions, dispersion, waste of time,
Unreliable information, superficial learning, and dependence on others.
For the student
Addiction.
Isolation.
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Eye strain and othersproblemsphysicists.

Feeling of overflow.
Reprehensible behaviors.
For the teachers
Stress.
Development of minimum effort strategies.
Delays in relation to other activities.
Subordination to computer systems.
Organizationally, ICT can promote the reduction of jobs.
since these are replaced by mostly efficient and economical technologies.

ACTIVITY:
The use of ICTs for students allows for greater access to information, enhanced learning experiences, improved collaboration and communication, and the development of digital skills essential for the modern workforce.

teachers and families.

GROUP1:
Briant Olivera
Fuceneco Matias
Araceli Gonzales
Mabel Maidana
Brenda Medina
Nicaela Medina

GROUP 2:
Laura Britez
Soledad Alvez
Jaqueline Avalos
Marcelo Gomez
Joaquin Ledesma
Cristian Fernandez

GROUP 3:
Tatiana Villanueva
Avalos Gilda
Martin Taborda
Facundo Gutierrez
Villanueva Hugo
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BLOCK II: INFORMATION

Information
Types of networks

INFORMATION:
Concept: The word information derives from the nounLatinoinformation (-nis) (from the verb informare, with the
to shape the mind
In relation to Communication, information is the organized set of data that transmits a message.

Main characteristics of information

In general, information has an internal structure and can be classified according to various characteristics:
From the meaning extracted from information, each individual evaluates the possible consequences and adjusts their
attitudes and actions in accordance with the foreseeable consequences that are deduced from the meaning of the
information. This refers to what rules the individual or the expert system must follow to modify its
future expectations about each possible alternative.

Importance (related to the receiver): That is to say, if it deals with any important issue. The importance of
the information for a receiver will refer to the extent to which the attitude or behavior of the
individuals. In modern societies, individuals obtain from themedia
massivea large amount of information, a big part of it is unimportant to them, because
it alters the behavior of the same to a very insignificant extent. This refers to the degree to which
Quantitative expectations for the future must be altered. Sometimes it is known that a fact makes certain outcomes less likely.
some things and more others, the importance is related to how much less likely some will be
alternatives regarding the others.
Validity (in the space-time dimension): It refers to whether it is up to date or outdated. In practice, the
the relevance of information is difficult to assess, as in general accessing information does not allow
to immediately know whether that information is current or not.
Validity (related to the sender): It is assessed whether the sender is reliable or can provide invalid information.
(false). You have to see if the indications should be considered in the reassessment of expectations or should be
ignored for not being reliable indications.
Valueintangible assetvolatile): The usefulness of that information for the recipient.

THE NETWORK

DEFINITION OF NETWORK:From the Latin rete, the term net is used to define a structure that has
a characteristic pattern. There are multiple types of network, such as thered computing, laelectric gridand thesocial network

Types of networks:
Lared informatics: names the set ofcomputersand other interconnected devices, that
they share information, resources, and services. It can also be divided into various categories, according to
local area network or LAN, metropolitan area network or MAN, wide area network or WAN
etc.), its connection method (via coaxial cable, fiber optic, radio, microwave, infrared) or
functional relationship (client-server, person to person), among others
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Lared electric by that part, is that one formed porgenerators

electric, transformers, transmission lines and distribution lines, which are responsible for carrying
electricity to residential users. The system uses different voltages, where the highest ones
they are used over longer distances, while the tensions decrease as
energy approaches the user's facilities.

In terms of social networks, the concept refers to that structure where various individuals
they maintain different types of relationships (friendship, commercial, sexual, etc.). The social network has
its meaning has been updated in recent years, as the term began to be used to define
the places ofInternetwhat promote the communities virtual agreement a
interests.MySpaceyFacebookthey are two of these social networks that gather millions of users,
who can exchange messages and files with other members of the network.

The networked society:

For Manuel Castells, who coined the termNetwork of Networksthe social structure is created through three types
of relationships:

Production relations, closely linked to the interaction of man with nature and how that
transform this for the creation of goods and services that meet their needs.
Experience relationships, the fundamental core of human relationships that have been structured.
historically around sex and family.
Power relations, understood as the ability to exert violence to guarantee the
compliance with dominant social rules.
In the Network Society, reality is constructed by information networks that process, store and
transmit information without restrictions of distance, time, or volume. This new way of understanding the
the functioning of society is based on the phenomenon of globalization, which has been developing
thanks to the Internet.

Characteristics of the network society

The way in which these relationships are established, maintained, modified, or destroyed changes in the face of the new
social paradigm that emerged in the mid-20th century. The new society, the network society, arises from
onetechnological revolutionbased on information and knowledge and generates anew economywhose
three fundamental characteristics are:

The new economy isinformationalso that the generation and transformation of information are
determinants in the productivity of the system.
The new economy is global, that is, it operates on a planetary level.
The new economy is networked, giving rise to the network enterprise, an innovative economic organization with
high flexibility and operability, with variable configuration and functioning as a network: flat in hierarchies
and where the important thing is the interconnection of the different nodesos.3

These characteristics of thenew economy they radically change the way relationships are given
production, experience and power, redefining the labor market and employment, culture, politics, the
State, consumption, etc. and capitalist societies
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The network society is a social structure: made of information networks propelled by technologies of the
information.
Social post-structure: it refers to the organizational arrangements of human beings in relationships of
production, consumption, experience, and power, as they are expressed in the meaningful interaction framed by
the culture.
A network is a set of interconnected nodes: A node is the point where the curve intersects itself.
the same. Social networks are as old as humanity itself, but they have taken on new life under the
informationalism because new technologies enhance the inherent flexibility of networks, while
they solve the coordination and governance problems that, throughout history, have burdened networks in their
competition with hierarchical organizations. Networks distribute performance and share decision-making.
decisions in the nodes of the network according to an interactive model. By definition, a network lacks a center and only
it has nodes. Although these may differ in size and, therefore, have varied relevance, they all are
necessary to the network. When the nodes become redundant, networks tend to reconfigure themselves: they eliminate
some and add other new and productive ones.
Nodes increase their importance to the network by absorbing more information and processing it more
efficient. The relative importance of a node does not derive from its specific traits but from its capacity to
to provide valuable information to the network. In this sense, the main ones are not centers but keys and protocols of
communication, which in their operation follow a network logic and not a command logic. The networks operate
according to a binary logic: inclusion/exclusion.
As for social forms, they lack values. They can both kiss and kill, there is nothing personal in it.
What they do. It all depends on the goals assigned to the network and the most elegant, economical way.
and self-reproductive in carrying out its objectives. In this sense, the network is an automaton. In a structure
social actors and social institutions program the networks. But once they have been programmed, the networks
information driven by information technology imposes its structural logic on its
human components, unless, of course, they are reprogrammed, an operation that generally
it implies a high social and economic cost.

BLOCK III: COMMUNICATION

Mass media: Means of representation (personal pages, weblogs, pages of

associations, institutions and companies). Global media (portals and cybermedia). Social communication and
virtual communities. Digital editing tools (logics of different editing tools)
text, image, video, audio). Presentation tools. Content editing criteria. Usability.
Digital press. Mobile cyber journalism.

Mass media: Means of representation (personal pages, weblogs, pages of

associations, institutions, and companies.